Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity Eukaryotic Tree Characteristics l
- Slides: 45
Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity
Eukaryotic Tree
Characteristics l l Nucleus Membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes (80 s) Usually unicellular – some colonial – some multicellular l l l Protozoa – ingestive Algae – autotrophic Fungus-like – absorptive
Origin of Eukaryotes l l Autogeneous Endosymbiotic
Secondary Endosymbiosis
Phylogeny of Eukarya
Classific ation
Supergroup: Excavata l l l Cytoskeleton features Excavated groove (some) Modified mitochondria
Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2: Diplomonads ex. Giardia (lack plastids, lack functional etc in mitochondria (mitostomes), two haploid nuclei, flagella)
Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2: Parabasala ex. Trichimonas (lack plastids, reduced mitochondria (hydrogenosomes, undulating membranes and flagella)
Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2: Euglenozoans l l Move by flagella with spiral or crysalline rod Disc-shaped Cristae
Supergroup: Excavata Clade 3: Clade 2: Euglenozoans Kinetoplastids ex. Trypanosoma (single large mitochondria with kinetoplast)
Supergroup: Excavata Clade 2: Euglenozoans Clade 3: Euglenids ex. Euglena (anterior pocket with flagella)
Supergroup: SAR l l DNA Sequence Data Secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Alveolates DNA Similarities l Membrane bounded sacs (alveoli) l
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Alveolata Clade 2: Dinoflagellates Causes Red Tide (2 flagella in grooves, xanthophyll)
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Alveolata Clade 2: Apicomplexans ex. Plasmodium (parasitic, apical structure)
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Alveolata Clade 2: Ciliates (cilia), Ex. Vorticella, paramecium Cilia, two distinct types of nuclei
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Stramenopila Have hair-like projections on flagella l Store food as laminarin (Photosynthetic) l
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Stramenopila Clade 2: Diatoms overlapping silica test pigments: carotene, xanthophyll
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Stramenopila Clade 2: Chrysophyta ex. Golden Algae Typically bi-flagellated pigments: carotene, xanthophyll
Clade 2: Brown Algae Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Stramenopila pigments: fucoxanthin cell wall: cellulose, algin
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Stramenopila Clade 2: Oomycota ex. Water mold pigments: none cell wall: cellulose, coenocytic hyphae
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Rhizaria l Thin pseudopodia used for movement and feeding
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Rhizaria Clade 2: Cercozoans Amoeboid-shaped protist with thin pseudopodia Predators found in marine freshwater, and soil
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Rhizaria Clade 2: Forams (porous shells - calcium carbonate) Both marine and freshwater (found in sand or attached – also planktonic)
Supergroup: SAR Clade 1: Rhizaria Clade 2: Radiolarians (fused plates – silica with axopodia) Mostly Marine (usually planktonic)
Supergroup: Archaeplastida l l DNA Sequences Endosymbiosis of cyanobacterium
Supergroup: Archaeplastida Clade 2: Red Algae
Supergroup: Archaeplastida Clade 2: Red Algae Multicellular (most) l Pigment: phycoerythrin l Cell wall: cellulose l no flagellated stage in their life cycle – probably lost during their history l used to produce agar l
Supergroup: Archaeplastida Clade 2: Chlorophytes
Supergroup: Archaeplastida Clade 2: Chlorophytes Mostly Freshwater – Some marine – Some terrestrial l Unicellular, Colonial, Multicellular l Pigments: Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids l Cell walls: Cellulose l
Supergroup: Archaeplastida Clade 2: Charophytes l Similar to higher plants in color (pigment: Chlorophyll A and B and carotenoids). They are the closest relatives of land plants.
Supergroup: Archaeplastida Clade 2: Charophytes Four distinctive traits that are shared with higher plants: 1. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins 2. Peroxisome enzymes 3. Structure of flagellated sperm 4. Formation of a phragmoplast l
Supergroup: Unikonts l l l Single flagella (in those that have one) Lobed-or tube-shaped pseudopodia Fusion of three genes
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Amoebozoans Used for movement and feeding l Classification – Slime Molds u. Plasmoidial u. Cellular – Gymnamoebas (broad pseudopods) – Entamoebas (parasitic) l
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Amoebozoans Clade 2: The Slime Molds l Clade 3: Plasmoidial l Coenocytic Hyphae l (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei – Diploid
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Amoebozoans Clade 2: The Slime Molds l Clade 3: l l Cellular (feed like individual amoebas) Septate hyphae – aggregate to breed or during stress
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Amoebozoans Clade 2: Gymnamoebas ex. Amoebas
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Amoebozoans Clade 2: Entamoebas ex. Entamoeba histolytica
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Opisthokonts Unicellular and multicellular with ties to fungi and animals (DNA sequences) l Posterior location of flagellum l Classification – Nucleariids – Choanoflagellates l
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Opisthokonts Clade 2: Nucleariids Unicellular – lack distinctive characters l Contain a posterior flagella l Temporary pseudopods l Feed on algae and bacteria l
Supergroup: Unikonts Clade 1: Opisthokonts Clade 2: Choanoflagellates l l Unicellular or colonial Most are suspension feeders
- Chapter 15 origins of biological diversity answers
- Chrysophyta sar
- Eukaryotic diversity
- Why is genetic diversity important
- Ecosystem jigsaw activity
- What are the three dimensions of global inclusion
- Origins of sociology
- Grammar selection and gradation
- Origins of kefir
- Why does katniss detest haymitch?
- Historical origins of the health belief model
- Rastafarian symbols and meanings
- Cwv 101 origins assignment
- Origins of the cold war
- Origins of the cold war
- History of weaving
- Origins of judo
- Scoring in tennis
- Gastroncnemius
- Words with the root am
- Where sikhism originated
- What is a code lavender
- Origins of theatre
- Virtual circuit approach
- Who was the real macbeth
- Chapter 3 section 4 the origins of judaism
- Origins of cubism
- Where did christianity originate
- Fishy nuggets
- Founder/origins of hinduism
- Study of word origins
- The history of community development in tanzania
- Origins of the cold war chapter 18 section 1
- Origins of the cold war chapter 18 section 1
- What are your first impressions of beowulf?
- Chapter 2 origins of american government vocabulary
- Origins of psychology tutor2u
- Origins of cricket
- Aryan religion
- Origin of species chapter 18 manhwa
- History of jazz dance
- Halloween has its origins in which ancient celtic festival
- How do the origins of folk and popular culture differ?
- The origins of progressivism chapter 9 section 1
- Lesson 1 origins of hindu india
- Diffusion of folk culture