Origin of Modern Astronomy Key Terms 1 Astronomy
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Origin of Modern Astronomy
Key Terms 1. Astronomy – It is the science that studies the universe. It includes the observation and interpretation of celestial (spatial) bodies and phenomena. 2. Geocentric Theory - Earth centric Universe 3. Heliocentric Theory – Sun centric Universe 4. Gravity - the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass. 5. Inertia – The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. 6. Observatory – A building that contains one or more telescopes.
Geocentric Theory Ancient Greece
Geocentric Model: Ptolemy (87 -150 AD) Used epicycles to explain planetary movements
The Birth of Modern Astronomy Copernicus - 1473 -1543 Ø Suggested a model that the Sun was the center of the universe. Ø This model explained the retrograde motion of planets better than the geocentric model.
Heliocentric Theory
The Birth of Modern Astronomy Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler - 1546 -1601 v the greatest of the pretelescope observers in Europe. v. His measurements about the , positions of Sun, Moon and planets, especially of Mars, were far more precise than any made previously.
Johannes Kepler - 1609 • Kepler was an assistant to Tycho Brahe. • He used Brahe’s observations to study the orbit of Mars • Discovered three laws of planetary motion: predict with accuracy the motions of the planets.
Galileo - 1564 -1642 v first scientist to use a telescope to observe the sky. v observed the phases of Venus and the moons of Jupiter. Both observations supported the heliocentric model.
Sir Isaac Newton – 1642 -1727 q English scientist q explained gravity as the force that holds planets in orbit around the Sun.
Gravity’s Influence on Orbits
Gravity • Gravity is the force that – holds us to the Earth – causes a rock to fall towards the ground – causes the Earth to go around the Sun – causes the Sun to be pulled towards the center of the Milky Way galaxy • Gravity acts between any two objects even if they are far apart. – “action at a distance” distance
Modern Universe Is the Sun the center of the Universe?
Final Question • Final Question
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