Orientation to Pharmacology LuTai Tien Ph D Department

Orientation to Pharmacology Lu-Tai Tien, Ph. D. Department of Medicine School of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University

Ready to study pharmacology? n Pharmacology is a science that draws on information from multiple disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, psychology, chemistry, and microbiology etc.

Four basic terms n n Drug Pharmacology Clinical pharmacology Therapeutics/pharmacotherapeutics

Properties of an ideal drug n n n Effectiveness Safety Selectivity

Additional properties of an ideal drug n n n n Reversible action Predictability Ease of administration Freedom from drug interactions Low cost Chemical stability Possession of a simple generic name

No drug is ideal…… n n n No drug is safe. All drugs produce side effects. Because medications are not ideal, all members of the healthcare team must exercise care to promote therapeutic effects and minimize drug-induced harm.

Why should a nursing student learn about drugs?

Key point n You are the patient’s last line of defense against medication errors.

Evolution of nursing responsibilities reading drugs n n n Right Right drug patient dose route time

Contributions from a nurse n n n Patient care and patient education Achieving therapeutics objective of maximum benefit with minimum harm Application of the nursing process in drug therapy is directed at individualizing treatment, which is critical to achieving therapeutic objectives.

藥物動力學四大過程 n n 藥物的吸收 (Absorption) 藥物的分佈 (Distribution) 藥物的代謝 (Metabolism) 藥物排泄 (Excretion/elimination)

The four primary receptor families

劑量反應曲線 Linear scale Logarithmic scale

Efficacy (最大藥效) Potency (效價) Efficancy: Meperidine > Pentazocine Potency: Morphine > Meperidine

Affinity (親和力) n n n The strength of the attraction between a drug and its receptor 藥物和其接受體接合 的強度 親和度以 Kd 表示

ED 50 n n The dose for average effective dose The dose at the middle of the frequency distribution curve