Organizational Text Features n Why the need for

External Text Features External text structures are often found outside the main body of

Internal Text Features Internal text structure is how the main body of the text

Sequential/Chronological (Process*) n n It tells the order of facts, events, or concepts Signal

Sequential/Chronological Example n First, Golden Eagles soar high along ridges near their nests. Then,

Compare and Contrast n n Tells how facts, people, and events and concepts are

Compare and Contrast Example n Golden Eagles are apt to hunt for prey while

Cause and Effect n n Tells how fact, events, people, concepts happen or exist

Cause and Effect Example n So many Bald Eagles were killed by pesticides and

Enumeration/Listing n n Tells a listing of facts and events in no special order

Enumeration/Listing Example n n n 1. Golden Eagles are birds of prey. 2. Golden

Concept/Definition n n Tells the explanation or description of a concept or topic by

Concept/Definition Example n Golden Eagles are powerful raptors with large dark brown bodies and

Generalization n n A statement about a whole group. Could be too broad and

Generalization Example n Golden Eagles are birds of prey.

Process n n Tells the procedure or process for how something is done/created Signal

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Organizational Text Features n. Why the need for organizational text features? -To help the reader understand the information presented! your purpose when looking for or using a text feature. n. Consider

External Text Features External text structures are often found outside the main body of text. They include: • Italics • Pictures and graphics • Bold • Headings and subheadings • Underlining • Indentation • Sidebars • Footnotes

Internal Text Features Internal text structure is how the main body of the text is organized. It will be organized a certain way depending on its purpose. There are 7 different internal structures: n n n n Sequential / Chronological Compare and Contrast Cause and Effect Enumeration / Listing Concept / Definition Generalization Process

Sequential/Chronological (Process*) n n It tells the order of facts, events, or concepts Signal words/phrases: n n n n Today Meanwhile First Now Not long ago Finally Next Examples: timelines, records of historical events, how-to guides (first, turn the widget until it’s tight, next, take a nap. . . )

Sequential/Chronological Example n First, Golden Eagles soar high along ridges near their nests. Then, they search for prey. When a meal is spotted, they attack in a long swoop.

Compare and Contrast n n Tells how facts, people, and events and concepts are similar and different Signal words/phrases: ¡ ¡ ¡ Similarly On the other hand However Yet In spite of

Compare and Contrast Example n Golden Eagles are apt to hunt for prey while Bald Eagles are more likely to take an easy meal.

Cause and Effect n n Tells how fact, events, people, concepts happen or exist because of other facts Signal words/phrases: As a result of ¡ Consequently ¡ So that ¡ Because of ¡ Since Examples: history books, science books ¡

Cause and Effect Example n So many Bald Eagles were killed by pesticides and illegal hunting. They were in danger of becoming extinct.

Enumeration/Listing n n Tells a listing of facts and events in no special order Signal words/phrases: Also ¡ Another ¡ Several ¡ First Examples: grocery list, listing of examples ¡

Enumeration/Listing Example n n n 1. Golden Eagles are birds of prey. 2. Golden Eagles search for prey. 3. Golden Eagles swoop through the air to attack their prey.

Concept/Definition n n Tells the explanation or description of a concept or topic by using synonyms and signal words Signal words/phrases: Refers to ¡ Thus ¡ In other words ¡ Described as ¡ Equals Example: textbooks, encyclopedias ¡

Concept/Definition Example n Golden Eagles are powerful raptors with large dark brown bodies and small heads with golden crowns.

Generalization n n A statement about a whole group. Could be too broad and not based on fact. Often the word "all" will make a generalization untrue. Ex. "All trees lose their leaves in the fall. ” Signal words/phrases: Always ¡ In fact Examples: editorials, advertising ¡

Generalization Example n Golden Eagles are birds of prey.

Process n n Tells the procedure or process for how something is done/created Signal words/phrases: Begins with ¡ In order to Examples: cookbooks, how-to books, science textbooks ¡