ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Chapter 4 Personality and Values Finance

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Chapter 4 Personality and Values Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

OBJECTIVES LEARNING AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND: 1. Define personality, describe how it measure, and explain the factors that determine an individual’s personality. 2. Describe the MBTI personality framework and assess it strength and weakness. 3. Identify the key traits in the big five personality model. 4. Describe how the big five trait predict behavior at work. 5. Identify other personality traits relevant to OB. 6. Define Values, Demonstrate the importance of values, and contrast terminal and instrumental values 7. Compare generational difference in values and identify the dominant values in today’s workforce. 8. Identify Hofstede’s five values dimensions of national culture. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

What is Personality? Personality: The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Measuring Personality There are three ways - 1. Self report surveys 2. Observing- ratings surveys 3. Project measures Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Use of assessment in Organization • Screening • Selection • Succession planning • Career planning • Team building • Management development Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Personality Determinants • Heredity: • Environment: Personality Traits: Characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior which are exhibited in a large number of situations. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) : A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types. Four Classification Scales: 1) Extraverted/Introverted. People are more outgoing, social and assertive while those on the introvert side are quiet and shy. 2) Sensing/Intuitive. Sensing individuals are practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details. Intuitive people rely on unconscious process. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) : Four Classification Scales (contd. . ): 3) Thinking/Feeling. Thinkers use reason and logic to handle problems while feeler use emotions and their own personal values to make decisions. 4) Judging/Perceiving. Judging types want control and prefer their world to ordered and structured. Perceivers are more flexible and spontaneous. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Myers. Briggs Sixteen Primary Traits apprehens ive Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

The Big Five Model: Five Factors: 1) Extraversion: describing someone who is sociable, outgoing and assertive. 2) Agreeableness: describes someone who is good nature, cooperative and trusting. 3) Conscientiousness: describes someone who is responsible, dependable , persistent and organized. 4)Emotional Stability : Measures ability to handle stress 5) Openness to Experience: Measures the range of interests and fascination with novelty, Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Others Personality Traits Relevant to OB 1) Core Self-Evaluation: Positive core self-evaluators like themselves and see themselves as being capable and in charge of situations. Two elements determine this attribute: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Others Personality Traits Relevant to OB(Contd. . ) 2)Machiavellianism (Mach): High Mach people are those in which: a. The high Mach person must interact face-to-face rather than indirectly, b. There a minimum of rules and regulations, and c. When emotional involvement with details is not relevant Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Others Personality Traits Relevant to OB(Contd. . ) 3)Narcissism: A person with high narcissism has a grandiose sense of his or her own importance, requires excessive admiration, has a sense of entitlement and tends to be arrogant. 4)Self-Monitoring: A personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. High self-monitors tend to get better performance ratings, take leadership positions, are mobile and take up central positions in their organizations People with low self-monitoring tend to have high behavioral consistency. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Others Personality Traits Relevant to OB(Contd. . ) 5) Risk Taking: §High Risk-taking ManagersüMake quicker decisions üUse less information to make decisions üOperate in smaller and more entrepreneurial organizations §Low Risk-taking ManagersüAre slower to make decisions üRequire more information before making decisions üExist in larger organizations with stable environments Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Others Personality Traits Relevant to OB(Contd. . ) 6) Personality Types: Type A’s 1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; 2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place; 3. strive to think or do two or more things at once; 4. cannot cope with leisure time; 5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Others Personality Traits Relevant to OB(Contd. . ) 6) Personality Types (Contd. . ): Type B’s 1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience; 2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments; 3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost; 4. can relax without guilt. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Others Personality Traits Relevant to OB 7) Proactive Personality: Individuals with this type of personality tend to identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs. People with this personality attribute are highly prized by organizations for obvious reasons. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Values: Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence. Value System: A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Importance of Values ü Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures. üInfluence our perception of the world around us. üRepresent interpretations of “right” and “wrong. ” üImply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Types of Values –- Rokeach Value Survey Terminal Values: Desirable end-states of existence; Instrumental Values: Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Values in the Rokeach Survey Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Values in the Rokeach Survey (cont’d) Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Mean Value Rankings of Executives, Union Members, and Activists Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Values Across Cultures: There are two main frameworks- 1. Hofstede’s Framework for Assessing Cultures 2. The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Hofstede’s Framework for Assessing Cultures: 1. Power Distance: The extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. Low Distance: relatively equal distribution High Distance: extremely unequal distribution Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Hofstede’s Framework (cont’d): 2. Individualism versus Collectivism: The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than a member of groups. A tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Hofstede’s Framework (cont’d): 3. Masculinity/Femininity: The value a culture places on traditional gender roles. Masculine societies have men dominating society and separate roles for men and women. Feminine cultures value equality among the sexes. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Hofstede’s Framework (cont’d): 4. Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them. 5. Long-term Orientation versus Short-term Orientation : A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence. A national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and present, respect for tradition, and fulfilling social obligations. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures(Contd. . ): a. Assertiveness. The extent to which people are encouraged to be tough, confrontational, assertive, and competitive. b. Future Orientation. The extent to which futureoriented behaviors are encouraged and rewarded. (Equivalent to Hofstede’s long-term/short-term orientation. ) c. Gender Differentiation. The extent to which society maximizes gender differences. (Equivalent to Hofstede’s masculine/feminine. ) Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures(Contd. . ): d. Uncertainty Avoidance. Reliance on social norms and procedures to remove uncertainty. (Equivalent to Hofstede’s dimension of the same name. ) e. Power Distance. The degree to which unequal power is acceptable. (Equivalent to Hofstede’s dimension of the same name. ) f. Individualism/Collectivism. The degree to which individuals are encouraged to be integrated into groups. (Equivalent to Hofstede’s dimension of the same name. ) Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures (Contd. . ): g. In-Group Collectivism. Extent to which people take pride in membership in small groups (family, friends, and work organizations). h. Performance Orientation. The degree to which group members are rewarded for performance improvement and excellence. i. Humane Orientation. The degree individuals are rewarded for fair, generous, and altruistic behaviors. Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU

Questions Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU