Organization of the Body Basic Mechanisms of Disease

Organization of the Body Basic Mechanisms of Disease

• Pathophysiology- organized study of underlying physiological processes associated with disease

Mechanisms of Disease 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Genetic mechanisms Pathogenic mechanisms prions viruses bacteria fungi protozoa pathogenic animals (insects, worms) Tumors and cancer Physical and chemical agents Malnutrition Autoimmunity Inflammation Degeneration

Risk Factors for Disease • • • Genetic factors Age Lifestyle Stress Environmental factors Microorganisms

Disease Terminology • Signs- objective abnormalities that can be seen or measured by someone other than the patient • Symptoms- subjective abnormalities that are felt only by the patient • Syndrome-collection of different signs and symptoms that occur together • Acute- symptoms appear suddenly, persist for a short time, then disappear • Chronic- develops slowly and last for a long time

Disease Terminology • Etiology- study of all of the factors causing disease, theory of a disease’s cause • Idiopathic- diseases with an undetermined cause • Communicable- diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another • Pathogenesis- actual pattern of a disease’s development

Disease Terminology • Incubation- latent or hidden stage when no signs of disease is evident • Remission- reversal of a chronic disease, can be temporary or permanent • Epidemiology- study of occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases in human populations • Endemic- disease native to a local region • Epidemic- disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time • Pandemic- epidemics that effect large geographical regions (worldwide)