Organization of Living Things and Life Processes BIOLOGY

Organization of Living Things and Life Processes BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF LIFE.

I. Organization of Living Things ORGANISM BODY SYSTEMS ORGANS TISSUES UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS CELLS ORGANELLES simple-ONE celled MOLECULES MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS Complex- many cells

II. Chemical Composition of Living Things A. Living things are made of four main elements n Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) B. These elements combine to form molecules.

1. Organic Molecules n contain BOTH carbon and hydrogen n proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids Carbohydrates (glucose) DNA Proteins (& enzymes)

2. Inorganic molecules - does not contain both carbon & hydrogen but can contain other combinations of elements n n Includes salts (Na. Cl) and minerals Acids and bases Gases – oxygen (O 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) Water (H 2 O) –most abundant substance in the human body

III. Four Characteristics of ALL Living Things A. B. C. D. Living things are made of CELLS that contain DNA Living things have a METABOLISM to help them use energy to live, grow, and develop. n THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS. Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS: a stable internal environment n Ex: Your body sweats in order to maintain a proper internal temperature Living things REPRODUCE

IV. Similarities and Differences Among Living Things A. Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar AND different ways B. All living things carry on the life functions.

V. Life Functions or Processes 1. NUTRITION: The process of obtaining food (nutrients). n Ingestion –taking food in. n Digestion- breaking down of food so that it can be absorbed by the body. n Egestion- elimination of undigested food (solid waste). Heterotroph -vs-autotroph nutrition – d o you know the difference?

Life Functions or Processes 2. TRANSPORT : The absorption of materials and the circulation (distribution) of materials to all the cells of an organism. 3. RESPIRATION : The chemical activities that release energy from food. {Ex. Oxygen + glucose yields carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY] n This energy is needed to maintain life ATP). (called

Life Functions or Processes 4. SYNTHESIS : “to make” combining simple substances to make more complex substances, or making things the body needs. n [Ex. Starches from simple sugars] 5. EXCRETION : Getting rid of cellular waste such as CARBON DIOXIDE(CO 2), WATER (H 2 O) and SALTS (Na. Cl).

6. REGULATION : Responding (or coordinating ) to changes in the environment to maintain homeostasis. EX: Your pupils dilate to react to low lighting situation. 7. GROWTH: increase in living matter by increasing cell size or cell number 8. REPRODUCTION: ability of organisms to form more of its own kind *(not needed for an organism’s survival but Ad d to necessary for the survival of the species) your notes METABOLISM: the sum total of all life processes needed to sustain life Vocab Quizlet on LE homepage http: //www. kenton. k 12. ny. us/Page/3908