Organization Change and Development Spring 2007 Organization Change

Organization Change and Development Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 1

Organizational Change and Development • • Spring 2007 What is it? Why change? Resistance to change Force field analysis Organization Change and Development 2

OD Defined OD = shorthand for “Organization Change and Development” • OD is an effort… • • Planned Organization-wide Managed from the top, in order To increase organizational effectiveness, through • Planned interventions in organizational processes, using behavioral-science knowledge Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 3

The Change Process Forces for change Management recognition of need for change Diagnosis of problem and points of resistance Evaluation Selection of methods & implementation Consideration of alternatives Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 4

Forces Driving Change: Internal and External Technology Workforce Global Events Competition The Economy Social Trends Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 5

Attitude Toward Change Desirable • Accept change as inevitable • Proactive Spring 2007 Not Desirable • Feel threatened by change • Reactive Organization Change and Development 6

Objects of Change Physical Setting Structure Culture Technology Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development People 7

Resistance to Change - Individual Group Inertia Selective Information Processing Force of Habit Individual Fear of the Unknown Spring 2007 Economic Factors Organization Change and Development Need for Security 8

Resistance to Change - Group Inertia Threat to Existing Relationships Structural Inertia Organizational Threat to Existing Allocations Spring 2007 Threat to Expertise Organization Change and Development Limited Focus of Change 9

Overcoming Resistance • • Education and communication Negotiation Communication Facilitation and support • Coercion • Manipulation and cooptation Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 10

Organizational Change Unfreezing Changing Refreezing Lewin’s Three-Step Process Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 11

Unfreezing the Status Quo Desired State Restraining Forces Status Quo Driving Forces Time Spring 2007 Organization Change and Development 12

OD Tools and Interventions • • Spring 2007 Survey and survey feedback Team building Diversity training Leadership development Organization restructuring Job redesign Adoption of new technologies Organization Change and Development 13

Change and Culture • • • Spring 2007 Is change possible? How long will it take? Does culture influence resistance? Does culture influence implementation? Does culture influence idea champions? Organization Change and Development 14