Organic Molecules that contain carbon Carbon is important

Organic Molecules that contain carbon

Carbon is important to living organisms for several reasons…. n Carbon is found in all living things n Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonding with other elements to make biological building blocks

Building blocks link together to form complex molecules n Monomers are building blocks. n Monomers bond together to form long chains called polymers.

4 types of Biomolecules n. Carbohydrates n. Lipids n. Proteins n. Nucleic acids

1. Carbohydrates n. Sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products.

Function n Quick/short-term energy n Energy storage n Structure

Elements (C, H, O) n Carbon n Hydrogen n Oxygen

Monomer: Monosaccharide n Simple sugars n EX: glucose, fructose, galactose

Polysaccharides many monomers joined together n Starch energy storage in plants n Glycogen energy storage in animals n Cellulose support for plant cell walls n Chitin support in exoskeletons of arthropods

EX: Carbohydrates Identify each example as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide. potatoes fruit pasta exoskeleton honey

2. Lipids n A group of biological molecules that generally do not dissolve in water

Found in… n Vegetable oil n Animal fats Candle wax n Waxes n Cell Membranes n Steroids/Hormones Lipid bilayer of cell membrane

Function n. Insulation n. Protection n. Long term energy storage

Elements (C, H, O) n Carbon n Hydrogen n Oxygen

Monomers n Glycerol n Fatty acids

Polymer n Ex. Triglyceride = Glycerol and three fatty acids

Ex. Phospholipid Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol

3. Proteins n Large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body

Found in… muscle skin hair

Functions n Structure n Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes) n Regulate body processes (antibodies & hormones)

Elements (C, H, O, N) n Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Monomer n Amino Acids (20 different kinds)

Polymer n Amino acids are joined together to form protein n The bond between amino acids is called a PEPTIDE BOND. Peptide bond

4. Nucleic Acids n Function: Store, transmit, and transfer genetic information n Examples: DNA & RNA n Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Monomer n Nucleotide (3 parts)

Polymer (Circle the nucleotides)

Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types EX: Made up of which contain EX:

Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Proteins Made up of Monosaccharides Glycerol & fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides which contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen EX: Made up of EX:

How are polymers are put together or broken down? ?

Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction) water is released when monomers are put together to form polymers OH OH H 2 O

Hydrolysis water is added when polymers are broken down

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