ORGANIC MOLECULES PROTEINS ProteinRich Foods Poultry Red Meat

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ORGANIC MOLECULES PROTEINS

ORGANIC MOLECULES PROTEINS

Protein-Rich Foods • Poultry • Red Meat • Shellfish and fish • Milk •

Protein-Rich Foods • Poultry • Red Meat • Shellfish and fish • Milk • Yogurt • Eggs • Figs • Nuts and Beans • Apricots, Cherries, Grapes, Bananas • Avocados.

PROTEINS • Made of: C, H, O, N • Monomer (subunit): Amino Acid •

PROTEINS • Made of: C, H, O, N • Monomer (subunit): Amino Acid • Function: Help the growth and maintenance of cells • Another name for a protein is a polypeptide.

AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES • Amino acids are also called “peptides” • A bond

AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES • Amino acids are also called “peptides” • A bond between two amino acids is called a “peptide bond. ” • Three names for the same molecule: – Amino acid chain – polypeptide – protein

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE • Amino acids are made of: – Central carbon (one carbon

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE • Amino acids are made of: – Central carbon (one carbon in the middle) – 4 groups attached to the carbon • Amino group (NH 2 or NH 3+) • Carboxyl group (COOH or COO-) • Hydrogen group (H) • Random group (Also called a “side group” or “R-group”)

Example of an Amino Acid Where is the • Hydrogen Group? • Amino Group?

Example of an Amino Acid Where is the • Hydrogen Group? • Amino Group? • Carboxyl Group? • R-Group? Carboxyl Group Amino Group Hydrogen Group R - Group

More Practice! Hydrogen Group Where is the: • Hydrogen Group? • Amino Group? •

More Practice! Hydrogen Group Where is the: • Hydrogen Group? • Amino Group? • Carboxyl Group? • R-Group? Carboxyl Group Amino Group R-Group

One More! Hydrogen Group Where is the: • Hydrogen Group? • Amino Group? •

One More! Hydrogen Group Where is the: • Hydrogen Group? • Amino Group? • Carboxyl Group? • R-Group? Amino Group Carboxyl Group R-Group

THE R – GROUP • There are 20 different R-groups (below are six of

THE R – GROUP • There are 20 different R-groups (below are six of the 20) • The R-group gives the amino acid its particular properties

PROTEIN STRUCTURE • There are 4 stages that proteins go through while being made

PROTEIN STRUCTURE • There are 4 stages that proteins go through while being made – Primary (1*) (the first step) – Secondary (2*) (the second step) – Tertiary (3*) (the third step) – Quaternary (4*) (the fourth step)

PRIMARY STRUCTURE (1 st) • First, the amino acids need to be put into

PRIMARY STRUCTURE (1 st) • First, the amino acids need to be put into the correct order • (like putting beads on a necklace)

SECONDARY STRUCTURE (2 nd) • Next, the primary structure (the string of beads) begins

SECONDARY STRUCTURE (2 nd) • Next, the primary structure (the string of beads) begins to fold or coil up. • Different parts of the primary structure will coil (called alpha helices), and other parts will fold (called Betapleated sheets)

TERTIARY STRUCTURE (3 rd) • Next, the secondary structure folds up on itself (the

TERTIARY STRUCTURE (3 rd) • Next, the secondary structure folds up on itself (the coils and folds all fold up on themselves to make a big ball)

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE (4 th) • Two or more tertiary structures bonded together. • Video

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE (4 th) • Two or more tertiary structures bonded together. • Video Clip: Protein Structure Folding

Keratin Gives Strength to: – Skin – Hair/Fur – Nails – Hooves – Horns

Keratin Gives Strength to: – Skin – Hair/Fur – Nails – Hooves – Horns – Teeth

Muscles Tissue that allows movement of and within the body – Skeletal muscle (attached

Muscles Tissue that allows movement of and within the body – Skeletal muscle (attached to bones) – Cardiac muscle (makes up the heart) – Smooth muscle (makes up stomach, diaphragm)

Hemoglobin • A protein in blood cells that helps transport oxygen to tissues in

Hemoglobin • A protein in blood cells that helps transport oxygen to tissues in the body

Antibodies • Proteins in the blood that help defend the body against diseases and

Antibodies • Proteins in the blood that help defend the body against diseases and infections

Enzymes Proteins that help control reactions in a cell (like break down food).

Enzymes Proteins that help control reactions in a cell (like break down food).

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