Organic Molecules Organic Molecule A molecule that contains

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Organic Molecules • Organic Molecule= A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen – It

Organic Molecules • Organic Molecule= A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen – It may also have O, N, P, or S. • 4 classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbon • 4 e- in outer shell – up to 4 covalent bonds •

Carbon • 4 e- in outer shell – up to 4 covalent bonds • C-C bonds – Chains or rings – Single, double, or triple bonds – Considered skeleton or “backbone” of organic molecules

Macromolecules “giant molecules” Monomer • mono- = one • Smallest unit Polymer • poly-

Macromolecules “giant molecules” Monomer • mono- = one • Smallest unit Polymer • poly- = many • Monomers linked together

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates • Provides source of energy • Store energy in Covalent Bonds [Covalent bonds

Carbohydrates • Provides source of energy • Store energy in Covalent Bonds [Covalent bonds –when electrons are shared by atoms] • 1: 2: 1 ratio of C: H: O

Types of Carbohydrates “saccharides” • Monosaccharide – 1 unit (smallest) • Disaccharide – 2

Types of Carbohydrates “saccharides” • Monosaccharide – 1 unit (smallest) • Disaccharide – 2 monosaccharides join • Polysaccharide – Long chains of Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides monos, “single”; sacchar, “sugar” • Simple sugars • Carbon back has 3 -7

Monosaccharides monos, “single”; sacchar, “sugar” • Simple sugars • Carbon back has 3 -7 C – hexose: 6 C sugars • Glucose and fructose • G: blood, f: fruits – pentose: 5 C sugars • Ribose (RNA) and deoxyribose (DNA)

Disaccharides di, “two”; sacchar, “sugar” • Sucrose: glucose + fructose • sweeteners, transport in

Disaccharides di, “two”; sacchar, “sugar” • Sucrose: glucose + fructose • sweeteners, transport in plants

Polysaccharides • Long polymers of monosaccharides – “complex carbohydrates” – Some function as short-term

Polysaccharides • Long polymers of monosaccharides – “complex carbohydrates” – Some function as short-term energy storage • Break down to release energy – Plants: cellulose and starch – Animals: glycogen (many glucose joined)

Identifying Carbs • Glucose, Cellulose, Ribose • Ose – is a suffix for “sugar”

Identifying Carbs • Glucose, Cellulose, Ribose • Ose – is a suffix for “sugar” Counting the # of Carbon atoms 3 Carbons – Triose 4 Carbons – Tetrose 5 Carbons – Pentose 6 Carbons - Hexose