Organic Macromolecules A macromolecule is a larger molecule
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Organic Macromolecules A macromolecule is a larger molecule (polymer) built by putting together smaller single units (monomers). Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates MAIN SOURCE OF QUICK ENERGY PLANTS AND SOME ANIMALS USE CARBOHYDRATES FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES MADE UP OF C, H, AND O RATIO OF 2 H TO EVERY ONE C OR O
Monosaccharides (Mono = 1) Are major sources of energy for cells Ex. Glucose – cellular respiration Most common monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide – two monosaccharide bonded together. table sugar(sucrose) is made up of glucose and fructose bonded together, milk sugar(lactose) is made up of glucose and galactose
Figure 5. 5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis
Polysaccharide – more than two monosaccharide bonded together Serve as storage material or building material Storage (ex: starch, glycogen) Structural (ex: cellulose, chitin) Pasta and starches are polysaccharide
Lipids (fats and oils) Used to store energy Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings Contains O or C. C, H, and O. Many more H then
Lipid Structure Lipid molecules are made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
Saturated fat Unsaturated fat (solid at room temp) (liquid at room temp) No carbon to carbon double bond Contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond
