Organic Compounds 1 Organic Compounds Compounds that contain

Organic Compounds 1

Organic Compounds • Compounds that contain CARBON and HYDROGEN are called organic molecules • Hydrocarbons are organic molecules that contain only HYDROGEN and CARBON copyright cmassengale 2

Carbon (C) • Carbon has 4 electrons in the outer shell. • Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). • Usually with C, H, O or N. N • Example: CH 4(methane) copyright cmassengale 3

Polymers • Large molecule made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS • Examples: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) copyright cmassengale 4

Hydrocarbons are a type of Organic molecule that contain only HYDROGEN and CARBON copyright cmassengale 5

Uses of Hydrocarbons • Many are composed of a very long polymer chain so they can be used to make plastic and synthetic fibers. • Many are combustible so they are used for fuel. – Examples: • Gasoline • Jet Fuel • Diesel Oil

Carbohydrates copyright cmassengale 7

Carbohydrates • Small sugar molecules to large sugar molecules • Examples: A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. polysaccharide copyright cmassengale 8

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit Examples: glucose (C ( 6 H 12 O 6) fructose galactose glucose copyright cmassengale 9

Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar unit Examples: – Sucrose (glucose+fructose) – Lactose (glucose+galactose) – Maltose (glucose+glucose) glucose copyright cmassengale 10

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units or polymers of sugar. Examples: starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn) glucose glucose copyright cmassengale glucose cellulose glucose 11

Lipids copyright cmassengale 12

Lipids • General term for compounds which are not soluble in water • Lipids are soluble in other lipids • Remember: “stores the most energy” • Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Cholesterol Functions: Long term energy storage, hormones, cell membranes copyright cmassengale 13

Proteins copyright cmassengale 14

Proteins • Amino acids (20 different kinds) • Functions of proteins: 1. 2. 3. Movement: muscles Structural: membranes, hair, nails Cellular reactions : Enzymes copyright cmassengale 15

Nucleic Acids copyright cmassengale 16

Nucleic acids • Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) • Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of monomers called nucleotides copyright cmassengale 17