Organic Chemistry What is Organic chemistry Historical Organic
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Organic Chemistry
What is Organic chemistry? • Historical – “Organic” – derived from living organisms – Compounds such as sugar, urea, starch – Vitalism: natural products needed a “Vital. Force” to create them – Wöhler (1828) synthesis of urea Inorganic Organic
Organic Chemistry Today The study of compounds and reactions involving carbon, regardless of source (Kekulé, 1861) Is Vitalism “Dead”: “Natural products” – from living organisms “Biochemistry” – the chemistry that occurs in living organisms Organic Vegetables, Natural Vitamins from extracts
Why should we care? – Biochemistry – Pharmaceuticals – Industry • Polymers • Explosives
Organic Molecules
the brain dopamine
Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain a space filling model
Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon a ball and stick model
Dopamine
Dopamine. Dash Molecular formula two lines = 4 electrons one line = 2 electrons Condensed molecular formula = C 8 H 11 NO 2
Dopamine. Line-Angle Molecular formula all nodes are carbon add hydrogens until there are 4 bonds to each carbon atom
Both structures represent the molecule dopamine but the bottom structure is simpler to draw.
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Chemical Formulae • Empirical formula – Smallest integer ratio between atoms of different types in a molecule. • Molecular formula – Actual number of atoms of each type in a molecule. • Example: – Ethene (C 2 H 4) and cyclohexane (C 6 H 12) both have the empirical formula (CH 2)
Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C H O 2
Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H O 2
Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H O 2
Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H 18 O 2
Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H 18 O 2
The three dimensional nature of molecules, such as ibuprofen, is fundamental to all of their properties including biological behavior. C 13 H 18 O 2
Bonding and Molecular Structure Structural formulas of organic compounds structural formula condensed formula line-angle formula
THE SPECIAL NATURE OF CARBON CHAINS AND RINGS CARBON ATOMS CAN BE ARRANGED IN STRAIGHT CHAINS BRANCHED CHAINS and RINGS You can also get a combination of rings and chains CONTENTS
Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds in a condensed formula.
Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds in a condensed formula. Click on the arrow to check your answer.
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