Organic Chemistry What is Organic chemistry Historical Organic

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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

What is Organic chemistry? • Historical – “Organic” – derived from living organisms –

What is Organic chemistry? • Historical – “Organic” – derived from living organisms – Compounds such as sugar, urea, starch – Vitalism: natural products needed a “Vital. Force” to create them – Wöhler (1828) synthesis of urea Inorganic Organic

Organic Chemistry Today The study of compounds and reactions involving carbon, regardless of source

Organic Chemistry Today The study of compounds and reactions involving carbon, regardless of source (Kekulé, 1861) Is Vitalism “Dead”: “Natural products” – from living organisms “Biochemistry” – the chemistry that occurs in living organisms Organic Vegetables, Natural Vitamins from extracts

Why should we care? – Biochemistry – Pharmaceuticals – Industry • Polymers • Explosives

Why should we care? – Biochemistry – Pharmaceuticals – Industry • Polymers • Explosives

Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules

the brain dopamine

the brain dopamine

Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain a space filling model

Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain a space filling model

Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon a ball and

Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon a ball and stick model

Dopamine

Dopamine

Dopamine. Dash Molecular formula two lines = 4 electrons one line = 2 electrons

Dopamine. Dash Molecular formula two lines = 4 electrons one line = 2 electrons Condensed molecular formula = C 8 H 11 NO 2

Dopamine. Line-Angle Molecular formula all nodes are carbon add hydrogens until there are 4

Dopamine. Line-Angle Molecular formula all nodes are carbon add hydrogens until there are 4 bonds to each carbon atom

Both structures represent the molecule dopamine but the bottom structure is simpler to draw.

Both structures represent the molecule dopamine but the bottom structure is simpler to draw.

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Chemical Formulae • Empirical formula – Smallest integer ratio between atoms of different types

Chemical Formulae • Empirical formula – Smallest integer ratio between atoms of different types in a molecule. • Molecular formula – Actual number of atoms of each type in a molecule. • Example: – Ethene (C 2 H 4) and cyclohexane (C 6 H 12) both have the empirical formula (CH 2)

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C H O 2

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H O 2

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H O 2

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H 18 O 2

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C 13 H 18 O 2

The three dimensional nature of molecules, such as ibuprofen, is fundamental to all of

The three dimensional nature of molecules, such as ibuprofen, is fundamental to all of their properties including biological behavior. C 13 H 18 O 2

Bonding and Molecular Structure Structural formulas of organic compounds structural formula condensed formula line-angle

Bonding and Molecular Structure Structural formulas of organic compounds structural formula condensed formula line-angle formula

THE SPECIAL NATURE OF CARBON CHAINS AND RINGS CARBON ATOMS CAN BE ARRANGED IN

THE SPECIAL NATURE OF CARBON CHAINS AND RINGS CARBON ATOMS CAN BE ARRANGED IN STRAIGHT CHAINS BRANCHED CHAINS and RINGS You can also get a combination of rings and chains CONTENTS

Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds

Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds in a condensed formula.

Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds

Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds in a condensed formula. Click on the arrow to check your answer.