ORGANIC CHEMISTRY WHAT IS AN ORGANIC MOLECULE Contains

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

WHAT IS AN ORGANIC MOLECULE? • Contains Carbon and Hydrogen • May contain N, O, P, and/or S • SPONCH = all possible elements • Contains Functional group • Chemically reactive groups of atoms • Organic molecules make up living things

MACROMOLECULE • Large molecules formed by the chemical combining of smaller molecules • Organic molecules in Biology are a type of Macromolecule Proteins can contain 1000 s of amino acids

MONOMER VS. POLYMER • Chemical process that forms biological macromolecules • In Biology…. • Polymer = organic macromolecule • Monomer – smaller molecules that chemically combine to make polymer

WHAT TYPES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES EXIST? • • Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

CARBOHYDRATES • What are they in simple terms? • Sugars • Starches • What do they do for us? • Energy storage!! (Both long and short term) • What’s the monomer? • A monosaccharide (glucose, fructose, etc. )

CARBOHYDRATES • What do they look like? • Monosaccharide (glucose/fructose)

• How do you break larger molecules (for example, polymers) into monomers? More specifically, how would you convert one polysaccharide molecule into multiple monosaccharide molecules?

EXAMPLES • Monosaccharide (glucose/fructose) • Disaccharide (sucrose/lactose/maltose) • Polysaccharide (starch/glycogen/cellulose)

NUCLEIC ACIDS • What is it in simple terms? • DNA and RNA • What does it do for us? • Stores hereditary information • What are the monomers? • Nucleotides (see drawing)

LIPIDS • What are they? • Fats, oils, and waxes • What do they do for us? • Store energy • Form cell membranes • Act as chemical messengers (hormones)

TRIGLYCERIDES • What the components? • Glycerol backbone • Three fatty acid chains

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS • Triglycerides • Steroids • Phospholipids

SATURATED VS. UNSATURATED FAT

PROTEINS • What do they do for us? • • EVERYTHING! Structural components of cells and bodies Muscle movement Antibodies (immune system) Hemoglobin (Transport O 2 and CO 2) Chemical messengers (hormones) Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)

PROTEINS • What is the monomer? • Amino acids

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS!

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS!

HOW CAN THERE BE SO MANY DIFFERENT PROTEINS? • Proteins are 1000 s of amino acids long… • Think about how many words that you can form with 26 letters… (and words aren’t even close to 1000 letters long)