ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vocabulary Important Words Headings What is

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vocabulary Important Words Headings

What is organic chemistry? The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON Natural elements: §make up 96% of the mass of a human: §CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (C, H, O, N) Trace elements: §only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”

What is a macromolecule? § A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS §Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS § formed by polymerization

The types of macromolecules: 4 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. GO BACK & COMPLETE A DRAWING FOR EACH. CARBOHYDRATES TEXT P. 45 NUCLEIC ACIDS TEXT P. 47 LIPIDS TEXT P. 46 PROTEINS TEXT P. 47

CARBOHYDRATES § Made up of C, H, O §Used as main source of energy (2 types) 1. Sugars: quick source of energy § Ex: glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose § Monosaccharide-simple sugar, not decomposable to simpler sugars (fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, glucose) § Disaccharide-any of a class of sugars (sucrose, lactose) that comes from the combo of two monosaccharide molecules § Polysaccharide-two or more molecules of monosaccharides: one of the more complex carbohydrates (cellulose, starch, or glycogen)

CARBS CONTINUED… 2. Starches: § many sugars linked together § source of energy BUT breaks down slower § Used by plants for energy storage § Ex: potatoes, pasta, bread, grains Starch Glucose

§Made up mainly of C & H §Used to store energy, insulation & protection §Insoluble in water Saturated: §has maximum number of H bonds §usually solid at room temperature Unsaturated: §at least one double bond §causes “kinks”/bends = makes close packing much more difficult §usually liquid LIPIDS

PROTEINS § Made up of N, C, H, O §Made up of groups called: amino acids--(20 in nature) §proteins have a large variety of sizes & shapes §If the shape changes it becomes a new protein §Ex: when you boil an egg, the protein changes color, shape §Found in muscles & cell membrane (lipid bilayer)

Proteins being made by DNA Amino acids attach to the other end of our translators to form a chain. This chain is now a protein, and can be used by the body.

Nucleic Acids § Made up of H, O, N, C & P § Store and transmit genetic information § Made up of nucleotides §Two types: §DNA & RNA