Organic Chemistry The carbon compounds Organic Chemistry n

Organic Chemistry The carbon compounds

Organic Chemistry n What is organic chemistry? It is the chemistry of carbon containing compounds with the exclusion of carbon oxides, carbonates, and carbides. n Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds. n Oxygen forms 2 covalent bonds. n Hydrogen and halogens form one. CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 3 CH 2=CH-CH 3 n

Organic Chemistry n What is a homologous series? n A homologous series is a group of molecules that differ by the number of carbon atoms they contain.

Organic Chemistry n What are the alkanes (alkenes, alkynes)? n n n The alkanes are a homologous series of single bonded carbons with hydrogen attached at open bonding sites. The alkenes are alkanes with at least one double bond between the carbons. The alkynes have one or more triple bonds in the series.

Organic Chemistry n What is a functional group? n n A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that attach to a carbon to change the characteristics of the compound. These groups attach to a hydrocarbon skeleton.

Organic Chemistry n How do homologous series characteristics change in a predictable manner? n As you get more carbons in alkanes, you get more van der Waals’ forces. So, the more carbons, the more likely to be liquid at room temp.

Organic Chemistry n What use are empirical and molecular formulas? n n Empirical formula can tell what homologous series it is in. We can use empirical formula and relative molecular mass to find molecular formula. n A compounds empirical formula is CH 2 O and its relative molecular mass is 180, what is it?

Organic Chemistry n What are the different ways to write an organic formula? condensed structural stereochemical

Organic Chemistry n How do we name branched-chain alkanes? n n n n The longest chain is the parent chain. Side groups are called substituent groups. Each substituent group is named for the alkane group but the ending is changed to –yl. Parent chain gets its name. Each substituent group gets numbered according to the parent carbon it is attached to. If there is more than one of a substituent group, use di, tri, tetra, penta, . . . Naming is done alphabetically according to methyl group.

Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry n What do we do with functional groups? n n Each functional group changes the suffix of the parent group. Page 190 in SL