Organic Chemistry Packet 8 Chapter 2 Introduction Organic

Organic Chemistry Packet #8 Chapter #2

Introduction �Organic Chemistry �The chemistry of carbon �Why carbon? �Backbone of all life � Any object on earth that contains carbon is considered as being organic � Not to be confused with organic foods �Has the ability to make four chemical bonds � Remember, carbon has four valence electrons

Four Organic Compounds of Life �There are four groups of organic compounds �Carbohydrates �Lipids �Proteins �Nucleic acids

Organic Compounds/Marcromolecules Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Introduction �Mainly used for energy �Other names for carbohydrates �Sugars �Saccharide �Starches 1/11/2022 11: 52: 15 AM 5

Types of Carbohydrates �Monosaccharides �Monomer �Simple sugar Glucose � Fructose � 1/11/2022 11: 52: 16 AM 6

Types of Carbohydrates �Di-saccharides �Polymer �Combines two monosaccharides � Sucrose � Glucose & Fructose joined together 1/11/2022 11: 52: 17 AM 7

Types of Carbohydrates �Polysaccharide �Polymer �Combines many monosaccharides together � Cellulose � Several thousand glucose molecules joined together. 1/11/2022 11: 52: 18 AM 8

Polysaccharides

Production of Polymers �Polysaccharides, and other polymers, can be combined/linked together by a chemical process known as polymerization to form polymers.

Organic Compounds/Marcromolecules Lipids

Lipids Structure �Commonly called fat �Composed of two parts �Glycerol �Fatty acids 1/11/2022 11: 52: 22 AM 12

Lipids

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat �Saturated �The fatty acids only single bonds �Unsaturated �The fatty acids have one or more multiple bonds �Better for your health because the ”kinks” prevent the fat molecules from packing closely together. 1/11/2022 11: 52: 25 AM 14

Phospholipids Special Class of Lipids �Found at the surface of cells �Four main components �Glycerol �Fatty acids �PO 4 {Phosphate/Phosphate Group} �Organic molecule 1/11/2022 11: 52: 27 AM 15

Phospholipids II

Organic Compounds/Macromolecules Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids I �Make up genes and chromosomes �Nucleic Acids are composed of multiple nucleotides joined together. �Polynucleotides �Examples �DNA � Deoxyribonucleic Acid �RNA � Ribonucleic Acid 1/11/2022 11: 52: 30 AM 18

Nucleic Acids—Nucleotides �Nucleotide �Three main components � Nitrogenous base � Adenine; Guanine; Cytosine; Thymine; Uracil � Uracil is only found in the Nucleic Acid RNA � Thymine is only found in the Nucleic Acid DNA � Sugar � Deoxyribose � DNA ONLY � Ribose � RNA ONLY � Phosphate group 1/11/2022 11: 52: 30 AM 19

Organic Compounds/Macromolecules Proteins

Proteins �Functions �Provide support �Used for storage �Transports other substances �Composed of polypeptides �A sequence of amino acids �Proteins can become “active” �Enzymes �Regulate metabolism 1/11/2022 11: 52: 31 AM 21