Organic Chemistry Functional Groups Origin of organic compounds

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Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups

Origin of organic compounds • Naturally occurring organic compounds are found in plants, animals,

Origin of organic compounds • Naturally occurring organic compounds are found in plants, animals, and fossil fuels • All of these have a plant origin • All of these rely on the “fixing” of C from CO 2 • Synthetic organic compounds are derived from fossil fuels or plant material

Introduction • • Most current research focuses on Organic Originally from “organic” meaning life

Introduction • • Most current research focuses on Organic Originally from “organic” meaning life Not just chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon Exceptions: – oxides of carbon (CO 2, CO) – carbonates, bicarbonates(Na. HCO 3, Ca. CO 3) – cyanides (Na. CN, etc) One C with no H, or with metal • Carbon can form four bonds… C C C

Carbon forms four bonds • Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent

Carbon forms four bonds • Carbon can form four bonds, and forms strong covalent bonds with other elements • This can be represented in many ways …

Functional groups • Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features

Functional groups • Functional groups are parts of molecules that result in characteristic features • About 100 functional groups exist, we will focus on about 10 • Useful to group the infinite number of possible organic compounds • E. g. the simplest group is hydrocarbons • Made up of only C and H • Not really a functional “group” • Further divided into: • Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics

Hydrocarbons Alkanes C C Alkenes Alkynes C C Aromatics C C

Hydrocarbons Alkanes C C Alkenes Alkynes C C Aromatics C C

Functional groups • Read 1012 - 1014 • You will need to memorize family

Functional groups • Read 1012 - 1014 • You will need to memorize family name and associated general structure (use study notes: includes ether group) • Handout Molecular model kits • Build this structure: • Assignment: in groups build each of the “Examples” in table 24. 1 • Each member must have the exact same molecule (thus you must agree on structure) • Show me the structure(s) after building each

Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl • There are other names that describe patterns of atoms that

Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl • There are other names that describe patterns of atoms that are parts of functional groups. • “Hydroxyl” refers to –OH • “Carbonyl” refers to C=O • “Carboxyl” refers to COOH Q: which functional groups contain a hydroxyl group? A carbonyl group? A carboxyl group? Hydroxyl: alcohols, carboxylic acids. Carbonyl: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters. Carboxyl: carboxylic acids Note that properties such as boiling and melting point change due to functional groups For more lessons, visit www. chalkbored. com

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