ORGANELLES What are organelles Why are they important

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ORGANELLES What are organelles? Why are they important?

ORGANELLES What are organelles? Why are they important?

n Organelles = “Little Organs” n Each performs a specialized function – Nucleolus –

n Organelles = “Little Organs” n Each performs a specialized function – Nucleolus – Nucleoplasm – Nuclear membrane – Cytoplasm – Ribosome – Rough ER – Smooth ER - Mitochondria - Centrioles - Golgi Apparatus - Vacuole - Chloroplast - Lysosome - Cell Membrane - Cell Wall

Nucleolus & Nucleus Nucleolus: n Small dense region in the nucleus n Assembly of

Nucleolus & Nucleus Nucleolus: n Small dense region in the nucleus n Assembly of ribosomes begins here Nucleus: n Houses the nucleolus n Contains DNA n Controls most cell processes Nucleoplasm: n DNA, most often in the form of chromosomes

Nuclear Membrane n Also called the Nuclear Envelope n Surrounds the nucleus n Double

Nuclear Membrane n Also called the Nuclear Envelope n Surrounds the nucleus n Double membrane layer n Has nuclear pores which are used to pass RNA and other information in/out of the nucleus

Cytoplasm: n Thin jelly-like material inside the cell membrane n Contains many proteins and

Cytoplasm: n Thin jelly-like material inside the cell membrane n Contains many proteins and enzymes that function in metabolic reactions

Ribosome n Sites of protein synthesis Can be found: n n Floating free in

Ribosome n Sites of protein synthesis Can be found: n n Floating free in the cytoplasm Connected to the Rough ER

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Transports materials within the cell n Called rough because

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Transports materials within the cell n Called rough because it has other small organelles called ribosomes on it n § like poppy seeds on a bagel

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) Transports materials within the cell n Two layers of

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) Transports materials within the cell n Two layers of membrane with fluid in between n Often stretches from plasma membrane to nuclear membrane n Rough ER Smooth ER

Mitochondrion - (plural is mitochondria) n n Site of aerobic cellular respiration – Power

Mitochondrion - (plural is mitochondria) n n Site of aerobic cellular respiration – Power House Membrane bounded - surrounded by a membrane. Membrane folds inside called cristae Cristae contain the enzymes needed for aerobic respiration

Centrioles FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS n Two tiny cylindrical organelles just outside the

Centrioles FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS n Two tiny cylindrical organelles just outside the nucleus that function in cell reproduction

Golgi Apparatus Sites of synthesis, storage, and secretion of cell products n Stacks of

Golgi Apparatus Sites of synthesis, storage, and secretion of cell products n Stacks of flattened membrane sacs n

Vacuole n n Membrane sac for storage of different materials Food vacuoles store food

Vacuole n n Membrane sac for storage of different materials Food vacuoles store food Water vacuoles stores water Waste vacuoles store waste

Chloroplasts n Organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts n Organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis.

Lysosome na specialized vacuole containing digestive enzymes

Lysosome na specialized vacuole containing digestive enzymes

Cell Membrane Also called the Plasma Membrane – Controls passage of materials into and

Cell Membrane Also called the Plasma Membrane – Controls passage of materials into and out of the cell – Structure is a lipid bi-layer § contains protein molecules that act as receptors, or transport molecules.

Cell Wall n n n A non-living cell structure found around the outside of

Cell Wall n n n A non-living cell structure found around the outside of plant cells PLANT CELLS ONLY Most often made of polysaccharide An oval organelle containing: Chloroplasts – membranes with the photosynthetic pigments called thylakoids arranged in stacks called grana. The spaces between the grana are called stroma.