Organelles Structure Function Organelles Structure Function CellPlasma Membrane

Organelles: Structure & Function

Cell/Plasma Membrane Function: Controls what enters & exits the cell. Structure: Phospholipid bilayer

Nucleus Function: Controls everything in the cell Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes Enclosed by a porous double membrane called the nuclear membrane.

Nucleolus Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes Structure: Dense region inside the nucleus

Ribosomes Function: Links together amino acids to make proteins (that means enzymes too!) Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins & RNA. Found on Rough ER

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. HAS ribosomes

Vesicle Membrane-bound containers that carry substances throughout the cell

Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins Structure: Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed discs

Lysosome Function: Breaks down food, waste & damaged cell parts all within the cell Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound

Peroxisome Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially H 2 O 2. Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound

Vacuole Function: stores materials for cell Structure: fluid filled sacs; small in animal cells; large in plant cells

Plastids Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only! Structure: 3 different types

Plastids 1. Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems 2. Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment 3. Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of photosynthesis

Chloroplast Function: Uses sunlight to create food, photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae) Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

Mitochondria Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own DNA & ribosomes

Chloroplast & Mitochondria Both have: more than 1 membrane ‘Powerhouse’ of their cells Contain their own DNA Reproduce independently of the cell Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells? !

Cytoplasm/Cytosol Function: Hold organelles in place & site for chemical reactions Structure: Jelly – like substance between the area of the nucleus & cell membrane

Cytoskeleton Function: Supports & shapes the cell Structure: A network of protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as drugs/alcohol Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. No ribosomes