Organelles found in an animal cell Organelles found
- Slides: 55
Organelles found in an animal cell
Organelles found in a plant cell
Prokaryotic cell – no membrane bound organelles
The nuclear envelope A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus It controls the entry and exit of materials. Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Nuclear pores Allow the passage of large molecules such as messenger RNA
Nucleoplasm The granular jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
Chromatin This is the DNA found within the nucleoplasm.
The nucleolus A small spherical body within the nucleoplasm. It manufactures ribosomes and ribosomal RNA.
The functions of the nucleus
Involved in the production of m. RNA and hence protein synthesis.
Retains genetic information in the form of DNA and chromosomes
The mitochondrion (mitochondria)
A double membrane surrounds the organelle, the outer one controls the entry and exit of material. The inner membrane is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
Cristae are folds of the inner membrane which increase the surface area for respiration.
The matrix is the semi rigid material containing proteins, lipids, and traces of DNA.
Mitochondria are the site of respiration, this forms ATP, (an energy carrying molecule).
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are vesicles containing digestive enzymes, formed by the Golgi apparatus.
Functions of lysosomes
Break down material ingested by phagocytic cells.
Release enzymes to the outside of the cell (exocytosis)
Digest worn out organelles
Completely break down cells after they have died (autolysis)
Ribosomes
Ribosomes have two sub units -one large and one small.
Ribosomes are where protein synthesis happens.
There are two types of ribosomes, 80 S and 70 S. 80 S found in eukaryotic cells – 25 nm in diameter 70 S found in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts they are slightly smaller
Endoplasmic reticulum • The ER is a system of sheet-like membranes that spread throughout the cytoplasm. • It is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. • There are two types of ER.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER (RER) has ribosomes present on the outer surfaces of the membranes. Its function is to: • Provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins • Provide a pathway for the transport of materials, especially proteins throughout the cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Smooth ER (SER) Lacks ribosomes on its surface and is more tubular in appearance. Its functions are to: • Synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates.
Golgi apparatus (Golgi body)
Functions of the Golgi body
Add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins
Produce secretory enzymes
Secrete carbohydrates e. g. those used to form the cell wall in plants
Transport, modify and store lipids
Form lysosomes
Vesicles are sacs of membrane that bud off of the endomembrane system. They transport molecules such as proteins, large molecules that cannot pass through membranes, chemicals, and wastes. Vesicles are constantforming structures that are made by the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and parts of the plasma membrane.
Chloroplasts • Where photosynthesis happens • Double membrane • Grana – stacks of thylakoids – where chlorophyll is found (1 st stage of photosynthesis). • Stroma – fluid filled (2 nd stage of photosynthesis)
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles might store food or any variety of nutrients a cell might need to survive. They can even store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination.
Cell wall The cell wall is a tough, rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. A cell wall is a characteristic feature of plant cells, bacteria and fungi.
Plant cell wall It is not a part of the cell itself, but instead serves as protection and support to the cell. Cell walls are made of a substance called cellulose which is very light and causes the wall to become rigid. Function: The cell wall is not only used for support, but it gives the cell its shape which, overall, gives the plant itself its shape. When a plant gets water, the cells swell and push against the cell walls causing the plant not to droop.
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic – they do not have a nucleus. They have a number of structures that are not found animal or plant cells. These include ………….
Flagella (sing. flagellum) Used for locomotion
Nucleoid The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material. In contrast to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, it is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Plasmid A small circular piece of DNA which is separate from the main DNA of the bacterium. It may carry other genes suc as those for antibiotic resistance
Mesosome An invagination (folding in) of the membrane. It may carry out functions such as those involved in DNA replication and cell replication.
Pili are hollow, hairlike structures made of protein which allow bacteria to attach to other cells. A specialized pilus, the sex pilus, allows the transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another (sing. , pilus).
Slime capsule A layer around some bacteria that help them to stick to surfaces and avoid being killed by a host’s immune defences.
- Cell city analogy project
- Venn diagram of plant and animal cell
- Plant vs animal cells venn diagram
- Vacuole function
- What is the main function of a vacuole
- Cell city project
- Carbohydrate side chain
- Idealized plant cell
- Rigid outer covering of plant cells
- Label the organelles in the composite cell
- Cell cycle fill in the blank
- Plant cell
- Facts about organelle
- Cell organelles song
- Nucleoid region
- Cytoplasm nickname
- Organelle case study answer key
- Section 4-3 cell organelles and features
- Cell graphic organizer filled out
- Plant cell organelles
- Vacuole analogy
- Aamfb
- Cell structure graphic organizer
- What is this cell
- Cell organelles song
- Cell organelle game
- Inner life of a cell harvard
- The semi fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell
- Function of golgi vesicles
- When did robert hooke discovered cells
- Cell organelles review
- Protist cell organelles
- Identify the tissue
- Im strong and stiff found only in plants
- Animal rights versus animal welfare
- Difference between bacteria and plant cell
- Difference between plant and animal cell
- Vacuole in plant cell
- Magnification of cell
- Animal cell cilia and flagella
- Plant cell structure under electron microscope
- Animal cell under microscope labeled
- Cell organelle jokes
- Animal cells characteristics
- Cell acrostic poem
- The organism quercus phellos is a member of the genus
- Composite animal cell
- Bioreactor considerations for animal cell culture
- Plant and animal cells foldable
- Plant and animal cell objectives
- Animal cell analogy ideas
- Hira abbas
- Plant or animal cell
- Functions of endoplasmic reticulum
- How does an animal cell get energy
- Animal cell structure grade 10