ORGAN SYSTEMS By Dr Hesnaa Saeed ALMossawi Nervous

ORGAN SYSTEMS By Dr. Hesnaa Saeed AL-Mossawi

Nervous System � � � Functions regulates behavior maintains homeostasis regulates other organ systems controls sensory and motor functions Main Parts �Brain �Nerves �Spinal cord

The nervous system is divided into two divisions: � The Central Nervous System (CNS)– Responsible for relaying messages, processing and analyzing information. � The Peripheral Nervous System – Receives information from the environment and relays commands from the CNS to the organs and glands

Integumentary (Skin) System � � Function � 1 st line of defense against disease � Helps maintain body temperature � Keeps fluids inside � Works with the excretory and the immune system to help remove cellular waste and protect us from disease. Main Parts � Skin � Sweat glands � Hair � nails

Skeletal System: Parts & Function Main parts: � Bones � Cartilage � Connective Tissue Function: � Helps support body parts � Helps support body during movement � Helps protect other major organs: Skull protects the brain Sternum and ribs protects the heart and lungs Vertebra protect the spinal cord

Muscular System � � Function � Helps in movement. � Moves materials through the body Main parts � Muscles � Tendons � Ligaments � Muscles in organs � Skeletal – Attached to bones for voluntary actions and controlled by the central nervous system � Smooth – Found in the digestive tract and the blood vessels to move food and blood. Control involuntary actions � Cardiac – Heart muscle cells are involuntary

Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System � Function � Carries � � blood and nutrients to the cells of the body � Carries waste away from the cells, such as carbon dioxide. Arteries help carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Veins carry un-oxygenated blood toward the heart Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Gas exchange takes place here. Main Parts � Heart � Blood (made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells & platelets) � Veins � Arteries

Respiratory System � Function � Puts oxygen into the body & removes Carbon dioxide � Breathe Sustain life � Main parts � � Lungs � Nasal passages � Throat � Nose

Digestive System � Function � Takes � food & breaks it down into nutrients the body needs � It provides nutrients to the body’s cells Main parts: � Mouth � Stomach � Liver � Pancreas � Small intestines � Large intestines � Rectum

Endocrine System Functions � regulates body temperature, metabolism, development, and reproduction; maintains homeostasis; regulates other organ systems Major Structures � hypothalamus � pituitary � pancreas � pineal � adrenal � thyroid � parathyroid � testes, and ovaries

Important Glands and Hormones of the Human Body Gland Hormone Function Pineal Melatonin Thyroid Thyroxine Adrenaline Thymus Thymosin Ovary Estrogen Controls sleep and wake cycle Controls appetite and metabolism Deals with stressful situations T-cell development (fight diseases) Female reproduction Testis Testosterone Male reproduction

Excretory System � Functions �Removes wastes from blood �Removes harmful substances from blood �Regulates body fluids � Main Parts �Kidneys �Urinary bladder

Immune System � Functions �Fights � off disease Main Parts �Lymph nodes �White blood cells �Skin

Reproductive System � Functions � Produce offspring � Males- make sperm � Females- make eggs � Main Parts � Male Penis Testes � Female Uterus Ovary Vagina