Ordnance Safety Security Activity NATO AC 326 SGB

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity NATO AC 326 SG/B: Ammunition Systems Design and Assessment – IM Test STANAG updates Presented by Ken Tomasello NOSSA Indian Head, MD Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity Acknowledgements Co-authors Christophe Jacq DGA Missiles Testing (French Mo. D), France Ernest Baker, Michael Sharp Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (NATO), Brussels, Belgium Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 2

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity • • • Outline BLUF Background Documentation Policy IM Standards Hierachy AOP-39 Update AOP-39 Annex H SRD AOP-39. 1 IM Test Standards Future IM/HC Harmonization Concluding Remarks Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 3

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity BLUF Paper During the past three years all seven of the NATO Insensitive Munitions (IM) test STANAGs and Allied Publications (AP) have been updated. This paper describes the background, changes and status of the updates. IM NATO Documents Update • • • Each document has been updated to the current NATO standardization requirements spelled out in AAP-03 K. The overarching IM test documents STANAG 4439 and AOP-39 for Policy on the Development and Assessment were part of the update. The guidance provided by the updated standards will ensure more consistent testing and evaluation of ordnance hazard assessment testing. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 4

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity § § Background Last coordinated publication of IM Test STANAGs April 2003 STANAG 4439 revised twice since last Test STANAG § Resulting inconsistencies § § Changing organisation and structures Opportunity with transition of Test STANAGs to AOPs Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 5

NATO Documentation Policy Ordnance Safety & Security Activity NATO Policy on document structure: AAP-03(K) Now Before STANAG AOP SRD § § § STANAG : STANdard Agreement (cover document) AOP : Allied Ordnance Publication (technical document) SRD : Standard Related Document (recommendations) PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity Documentation Policy STANAG. A STANAG is: A stand-alone document that covers one or several subject-related Allied Standards. Has to be ratified and then promulgated. Allied Publication (AP). Where it relates to interoperability is promulgated with a covering STANAG. Other aspects are: A stand-alone document. Only required to be promulgated. Requirements based Standards-Related Document (SRD). A document that supports one or more Allied Publications to support understanding and may provide additional data and information. Examples of an SRD may include User Manuals, Handbooks, Catalogues and Implementation Guides. Other aspects of an SRD are: Will not contain policy requirements. Approved and promulgated under a silence procedure. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 7

IM Standards Hierachy Ordnance Safety & Security Activity STANAG 4439 All documents updated or new! AOP 39 SRD AOP-39. 1 STANAG 4240 AOP 4240 STANAG 4241 AOP 4241 STANAG 4382 AOP 4382 STANAG 4396 STANAG 4496 AOP 4396 AOP 4496 STANAG 4526 AOP 4526 Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 8

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity AOP-39 update § Two strands of work for AOP-39 update § Review of IM Response Descriptors (RD) (Annex I) § Review of Test Conduct and Reporting (Annex H) § Annex I § IM Response Descriptors updated § Articles Under Test more defined and prescribed § Calibration Testing promoted and more fully prescribed § Annex H: Largely removed § Common aspects of conduct and documentation in SRD § Technical aspects of Test in AOP § Test specific conduct and reporting in AOP Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 9

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity SRD AOP-39. 1 • Common aspects of conduct and documentation – Test framework, organization and responsibilities – Test program – Test planning and guidance – Test specific considerations – Documenting – Test conduct – Reporting PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity § § § IM Test Standards STANAG/ AOP 4240 (FH): promulgated NOV 18 STANAG/ AOP 4241 (BI): promulgated NOV 18 STANAG/ AOP 4496 (FI): promulgated MAR 19 STANAG/ AOP 4526 (SCJ): promulgated NOV 18 STANAG/ AOP 4382 (SH): ratification ongoing STANAG/ AOP 4396 (SR): final meeting SEP 19 All documents updated! Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 11

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity AOP-4240: Fast Heating • Test procedures – Modified – Procedure 1: Large pool fire – Procedure 2: Mini pool fire – Procedure 3: Fuel burner fire NE W • Themocouples – Modified – Minimum 6 TC: (40 -60 mm) fore, aft, starboard, port, above and below • Conformity – Modified – Taverage > 800°C measured by all TC – 550°C under 30 s measured by all TC US NSWCDD 3. 7 m square propane b PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity AOP-4241: Bullet Impact § Test procedures – Modified • Procedure 1: 3 12. 7 mm AP M 2 projectiles at 850 ± 20 m/s (600 ± NE W 50 rounds/min) • Procedure 2: 1 12. 7 mm AP M 2 projectile at 850 ± 20 m/s • Procedure 3: 1 or several projectiles – projectile and velocity determined by THA § Annex A: Recommendations aiming point and target area § Annex B: Specifications 12. 7 mm AP projectiles PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity AOP-4526: Shaped Charge Jet § Test procedures – Modified NE W • Procedure 1: SCJ characteristic of RPG-7 (Rocket Propelled Grenade)* • Procedure 2: SCJ supported by means of a THA § Characterization of the SCJ • V²d at the target between 120 and 140 mm³/µs² • Jet diameter between 2. 5 and 3. 5 mm Previous: STANAG: Rockeye 50 mm New: SC 81 mm LX-14 (USA); France : CCEB 62 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

AOP-4496: Fragment Impact Ordnance Safety & Security Activity § Test procedures – Unchanged • Procedure 1: 2530 +/- 90 m/s • Procedure 2: 1830 +/- 60 m/s NE W § Accuracy at impact Small items: Hit the targeted are (approved by National Authorities) § Orientation of the fragment at impact • Recommendation ± 10° § Brinell Hardess of the fragment – Modified • 190 < HB < 270 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity § Test procedures – Modified • Procedure 1: Preconditionning at 50 ± 3°C until thermal equilibrium of • • § NE W § AOP-4382: Slow Heating the test item, then Heating Rate 15°C/hr until reaction occurs Procedure 2: Another HR determined by THA Procedure 3 (UN HC): 3, 3°C/hr until reaction occurs – possibility to precondition at Treaction – 55°C (estimated) Thermocouples – Modified • 6 required TC at 40 -60 mm around the test item, rather than 4 Annex A: Methods to estimate the soak time at 50°C T (°C) hr / 5°C 50°C New 1 Old 3. 3°C/hr Time (hr) PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity § NE W § § AOP-4396: Sympathetic Reaction 2 Tests approved by National Authorities – Modified • Sand not to be used for confinement Configuration examples Initiation modes – Modified A A I D I A Acceptor Donor 1 Acceptor 3 2 • If designed to detonate, design mode • If not designed to detonate, initiation by a credible threat (SCJI or another threat) approved by National Authorities PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE Unclassified/Unlimite d distribution

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity Future IM/HC Harmonization There is on-going NATO AC 326 work aimed at harmonizing the approach to IM and HC. This work may result in some changes for tests standards in the coming years. § Nations sometimes classify/assess munitions differently (HC/IM) § There is a recognized need to exploit available resources and expertise while minimizing duplication of effort § IM HC assessment and assignment could better support situation specific risk assessment § The UN manual of tests and criteria development on UN TS 6 are driven by the civil side and could be seen as not fully representative of the military environment. There is a need to develop improved guidance for military munitions. § There is a perceived need to improve confidence in correctly recognizing the hazard posed by munitions Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 18

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity Concluding Remarks § Updated versions of STANAG 4439 and AOP-39, as well as the BI, FH and SCJ full-scale test STANAGs and associated AOPs have now been promulgated Those involved in testing should ensure that they are now working to the latest standards. § The updated SH and SR STANAGs and associated AOPs are nearing promulgation. § A further update of AOP-39 Appendix H is anticipated to remove the specific testing guidance on FI, SH and SR. These descriptions are included in the new test AOPs. § Ongoing work is now aimed at harmonizing HC and IM testing into a combined standard structure. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 19

Ordnance Safety & Security Activity QUESTIONS? Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 12/5/2020 PROVIDING ORDNANCE SAFETY FOR THE NAVAL ENTERPRISE 20