ORAL CAVITY PALATE TONGUE By ESSAM ELDIN ABDELHADY

ORAL CAVITY PALATE TONGUE By ESSAM ELDIN ABDELHADY SALAMA

Oral cavity • Vestibule • Mouth cavity proper.

Oral cavity • • • Vestibule. Slit like space bound by ; Lips and cheeks externally Teeth and gum internally Opens outside by oral fissure.

Oral cavity • Lips; two soft folds surround the oral fissure. • Covered by skin externally, and mucous membrane internally. • Containing orbicularis oris. • Cheeks; lie on each side oral fissure. • Gums; dense fibrous tissue attached to alveolar borders of the jaws, adherent to necks of teeth.

Oral cavity • • • Teeth ; Primary, deciduous ”milk” teeth Twenty in number in both jaws. Emerge 6 mos. – 2 yrs. Replaced by permanent teeth 612 yrs. • Permanent, thirty two in both jaws. • Replace the milk teeth at 6 yrs. • Wisdom teeth (3 rd molar) erupts 17 -25 yrs or remains in jaw.

Mouth cavity proper • Anteriorly and laterally bounded by teeth, gum and alveolar arches. • Posteriorly oropharyngeal isthmus, communicates it with the oropharynx. • Roofed by hard and soft palate. • Floor is formed by anterior 2/3 of tongue, and mucous membrane of sides and under surface of the tongue.

Floor of the mouth • Frenulum linguae is a median mucus fold in the under surface of the tongue, joins it with the floor • Lingual fold is a mucus ridge on each side of the frenulum linguae • Sublingual papilla is a rounded elevation on the anterior end of the sublingual fold, in its summit open the submandibular duct.

Roof of the mouth • Hard palate – forms the anterior two thirds. • Soft palate – forms the posterior third. • Uvula – fleshy median projection of the soft palate.

Palate • Forms the roof of the mouth • The anterior two-thirds is the hard palate. • The posterior one third is the soft palate. • Its nasal surface forms the floor of the nasal cavity.

Palate • Hard palate; • Formed by palatine bones and palatine processes of the maxillae

Palate • Soft palate; mobile fold formed mostly of skeletal muscle • Closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing • Uvula projects downward from its free edge • Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches form the borders of the fauces

Muscles of the palate • • • Levator veli palatini Tensor veli palatini Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus. Musculus uvulae

Muscles of the palate • Levator veli palatini • Tensor veli palatini • Palatoglossus • Palatopharyngeu. • Musculus uvulae

Arterial supply • Greater palatine artery (maxillary). • Ascending palatine (facial). • Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal.

Nerve supply • • • Sensory ; Greater palatine. Lesser palatine Nasopalatine. Pharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal. • Motor; • Cranial part of accessory through pharyngeal plexus (except tensor palati by mandibular).

Tongue • Occupies the floor of the mouth and fills the oral cavity when mouth is closed • Functions include: – Mixing food with saliva and forming the bolus. – Initiation of swallowing. – Speech.

Tongue • Intrinsic muscles change the shape of the tongue • Extrinsic muscles alter the tongue’s position • Lingual frenulum secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Dorsum of the tongue • The dorsum of the tongue is divided into • Palatine part, the anterior 2/3, it is rough due to lingual papillae. • Pharyngeal part, posterior 1/3, it is smooth and nodular. • Sulcus terminalis is a v shaped sulcus, at its apex lie foramen caecum.

Muscles of the tongue • • • Extrinsic muscles; Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus palatoglossus.

Muscles of the tongue • • Intrinsic muscles; Longitudinal. Transverse. Vertical.

Blood supply • • Arterial supply Lingual. Tonsillar. Ascending pharyngeal. Venous drainage. Lingual veins. Profunda lingue. Lingual vein.

Nerve supply • Sensory; • Anterior 2/3 • Lingual. (general sensation). • Chorda tympani ( taste sensation). • Posterior 1/3 • Glossopharyngeal ( general and taste sensation). • Most posterior part by superior laryngeal of vagus.

Nerve supply • Motor • Hypoglossal nerve; all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. • Except palatpglossus by pharyngeal plexus.