OPTION E E 3 INNATE AND LEARNED BEHAVIOR
OPTION E E 3 INNATE AND LEARNED BEHAVIOR
E 3. 1 DISTINGUISH BETWEEN INNATE AND LEARNED BEHAVIOR. Innate Behavior Instinctive – ______ based Not modified by the individual _____ through population Unaffected by environment __________ are may be product of natural selection e. g. suckling in newborns _____ of blackcaps hunting instinct Learned Behavior Based on ______ Modified by trial and error _____ within population Affected by environment _________ product of natural selection e. g. _____ response to predators
E 3. 2 DESIGN EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE INNATE BEHAVIOR IN INVERTEBRATES, INCLUDING EITHER TAX A TAXIS OR A KINESIS. Plural, IS _____ An innate ______ movement _____ (positive) or ________ (negative) some stimulus.
E 3. 2 DESIGN EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE INNATE BEHAVIOR IN INVERTEBRATES, INCLUDING EITHERTAX A TAXIS OR A KINESIS. IS ______ are model species for innate behavior studies: ex: positive _____ = move toward warmer areas of water positive _____ = move toward acids released by bacteria (their food) negative _____ = avoid high concentrations of harmful chemicals
E 3. 2 DESIGN EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE INNATE BEHAVIOR IN INVERTEBRATES, INCLUDING EITHER KINESI A TAXIS OR A KINESIS. Plural, S ____ An innate _______ movement in response to a stimulus. May be merely starting or stopping, changing _____, or _____ more or less frequently.
E 3. 2 DESIGN EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE INNATE BEHAVIOR IN INVERTEBRATES, KINESI INCLUDING EITHER A TAXIS OR A KINESIS. S ________ in pillbugs (Porcello scaber) ___________ altered as response to stimulus ______ of testing chamber is adjusted and behavior is measured Floor of chamber has ______ Movement is video recorded for _________
E 3. 2 DESIGN EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE INNATE BEHAVIOR IN INVERTEBRATES, KINESI INCLUDING EITHER A TAXIS OR A KINESIS. S Orthokinesis in pillbugs (Porcello scaber) Video played back, with ___________ counted as movement in the time period ___________ calculated as number of squares crossed per second (mean of six runs)
E 3. 2 DESIGN EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE INNATE BEHAVIOR IN INVERTEBRATES, KINESI INCLUDING EITHER A TAXIS OR A KINESIS. S ________ in pillbugs (Porcello scaber) ________ altered as response to stimulus Same as orthokinesis, but with _______ per unit time as the basis for calculation
E 3. 3 ANALYZE DATA FROM INVERTEBRATE BEHAVIOR EXPERIMENTS IN TERMS OF THE EFFECT ON CHANCES OF SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION. In this investigation, pillbugs (P. scaber) were given a choice chamber test. One chamber contained _______ filter paper, the other _____.
E 3. 3 ANALYZE DATA FROM INVERTEBRATE BEHAVIOR EXPERIMENTS IN TERMS OF THE EFFECT ON CHANCES OF SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION. In the sample data, the overall movement of pillbugs is to the _____ chamber. When the experiment is repeated, results are consistent. Those innate behaviors that are ____ (such as finding moisture) give an individual a ____ and ______ advantage. As innate behaviors are genetic, they are _______, and proliferate in the population.
E 3. 4 DISCUSS HOW THE PROCESS OF LEARNING CAN IMPROVE THE CHANCE OF SURVIVAL. § Innate behaviors are inherited from parents as _____. They develop by _________ and thus are suited to better adapted species to its environment. Therefore, they increase an animal’s chances for survival. § Learned behaviors develop as a result of _____. They enable animals to _____ their behaviors in response to changing environmental conditions. This increases the chance of survival by learning new behavioral patterns. While learned behavior itself is not passed on through genetics, the __________ may be. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=cpg. CQj-sgqk&feature=related http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=b. XQAgzfwu. NQ The intelligence of crow http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Nh 9 XL 08 Akwc Chimpanzee tool use
E 3. 5 OUTLINE PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENTS INTO CONDITIONING OF DOGS.
E 3. 5 OUTLINE PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENTS INTO CONDITIONING OF DOGS. __________ is a method of associative learning. Ivan Pavlov trained dogs to ___________ to a stimulus, based on the dogs’ expected outcomes of the behavior. Classical conditioning results in an __________ to a stimulus (e. g. a bell ring)
E 3. 5 OUTLINE PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENTS INTO CONDITIONING OF DOGS.
E 3. 5 OUTLINE PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENTS INTO CONDITIONING OF DOGS. ___________ - automatic response to a stimulus (i. e. food causes salivation) ____________ - does not elicit response (i. e. bell does not cause salivation) ____________ - neutral and unconditioned stimuli applied together (i. e. dog associates bell with food, and salivates) _______________________ - Ringing the bell results in salivation, even without food present.
E 3. 5 OUTLINE PAVLOV’S EXPERIMENTS INTO CONDITIONING OF DOGS. ___________ is another conditioning method proposed by BF Skinner ____________: Reward desired behavior ____________: Punish incorrect behavior Example: rats and pigeons were trained to push levers and perform actions to receive food rewards. An electrical shock punished incorrect actions.
E 3. 6 OUTLINE THE ROLE OF INHERITANCE AND LEARNING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIRDSONG IN YOUNG BIRDS. Birdsong is a strong indicator of ___________. Birdsong development is due to both _____ and ______ behavior. This leads to __________ – usually the female selects mates based on their perceived levels of reproductive fitness. The basis of much birdsong is ______, though needs to be refined with learning. Example: ________ ability to mimic any sound in its environment http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vj. E 0 Kdfos 4 Y The amazing lyre bird
E 3. 6 OUTLINE THE ROLE OF INHERITANCE AND LEARNING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIRDSONG IN YOUNG BIRDS. Bird usually hatch with a ______ that prevents them from learning from the wrong species. _______ takes place in the sensitive period early in the development (_____ learning). By listening and practicing the calls of the adult birds, the chick modifies its song to “______”. One reason why captive birds are not reproductively successful in the wild is that they __________ with the correct mature song.
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