Optimization for Sustainable Water Resources Management OPTIMA Presentation
Optimization for Sustainable Water Resources Management (OPTIMA) Presentation of Jordan Case Study Zarqa River Basin to the First Management Board Meeting April 1 -3, 2005 Izmir, Trukey Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Zarqa River, Jordan Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Description From the Syrian border in northern Jordan to South of Amman and westward to the eastern slopes of the Jordan Valley Location Upper left 761264. 00 E, 3608261. 00 N Lower Right 857624. 00 E, 3529481. 00 N Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Identification Zarqa River is the 2 nd important basin in Jordan among 15 surface basins. Ø It is located in 6 governorates: Amman, Zarqa, Balqa, Jerash, Ajloun and Mafraq. Ø The major settlements are: l Greater Amman. l Zarqa City. l Rusaifa. l Swaileh. l Jerash City. l Mafraq City. l Baqa’a. l Hashimeya. l Dhulil. l Khaledia Ø Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
ad r Az aq jib Mu Sir han N. Wadi Hissa Araba Jafer South Wadi Araba i ss Di Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Surface Basins in Jordan Zarqa West Bank Ya rm ou k m Ham
Administrative Boundary in Jordan Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Administrative Boundary in Jordan with Zerqa River Basin
Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
The Basin Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Main Streams in Zarqa River Basin Elev. + 1460 m River Jordan Wadi Jerash Wadi Dhulliel Elev. -300 m Seil Amman-Zarqa Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Water Resources Ø Surface Water Ø Ground Water Ø Treated Effluent Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Water Supply for 2002 Available surface water supplies 59. 0 MCM/Year Available ground water (safe yield) 88. 0 MCM Treated wastewater 65. 0 MCM Water Demand For 2002 Municipal purpose 75. 3 MCM Industry purpose 5. 7 MCM Agricultural purpose 49. 7 MCM Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Surface Basins in Jordan Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Amman Sub-Basin Qa ’a b-B asi Kh an na Su Sub JV asin -B n lliel u h i D in d a W Bas b Su Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Sub-Basins of Zarqa River Basin Jerash Sub-Basin
Wadi Dhulliel Seil Amman-Zarqa Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Hydraulic Structures Ø King Talal Dam (KTD) with a total capacity of 85 MCM. The live storage is 76 MCM. Ø Pumping plants to pump water from Jordan Valley to Amman at a rate of 45 MCM/y. Ø Flood channels to divert flood of mudflat to Wadi Dhulliel (will be identified). Ø Few desert dams for water harvesting and artificial recharge (will be located on GIS maps) Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Location of King Talal Dam Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
King Talal Dam Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
King Talal Dam Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Treatment Plants Ø Khirbet es-Samreh treatment plant (180, 000 m 3/day). Ø Treatment plants in Jerash, Abu Nusseir and Baqa’a. (capacity will be updated). Ø Few small desalination plants. (capacity will be determined later) Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Locations of Wastewater Treatment Plants and Desalination Plants (DP) Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Kherbit es-Samreh Treatment Plant Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Ground water discharge and uses of (2001) Water Uses Domestic (Governmental) Domestic (Private) Irrigation (Governmental) Irrigation (Private) Industrial (Private) Out of Operation Total Safe Yield No. of Wells (operating) Withdrawal (MCM) 158 68. 75 41 11 6. 62 2. 76 432 61 42 745 47. 12 5. 75 0. 00 131. 00 88. 00 Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Az Ba raq sin Dead Sea Basin a arq Z an n m s Am Bai Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Ground water basins in Jordan Yarmouk Basin
Location of the Groundwater Wells in the Basin Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Meteorology Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Location of the Rainfall Gauges in the Basin Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Economics Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Demography Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Basin Population (2004) Governorate Female Male Amman 758, 297 806, 675 1, 564, 972 Zarqa Mafraq 369, 961 30, 096 395, 949 32, 966 765, 910 63, 062 Balqa 93, 802 99, 845 193, 647 Jerash 64, 016 68, 050 132, 066 1, 316, 172 1, 403, 485 2, 719, 657 Total Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Population
Population Centers: Cities, Towns and Villages Jerash Mafraq Zarqa Greater Amman Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Contribution to WP 01, WP 02 Ø List of water management issues and problems have been compiled and sent to FEEM. It was included in the report. Ø A number of important stakeholders have been identified. Initial contacts with them has been made. Ø The required data for different tools has been identified and mostly acquired. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Water Issues Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Water Management Issues Ø Ø Ø Ø Conflict and overlap of responsibilities between different institutions. No single river basin authority have been set formally by law. Competitions among different users and sectors are increasing. Financial resources are often not sufficient to complete plan for river basin management (low investment in wastewater treatment). The involvement of private sector is moving solely except for water distribution for Greater Amman through a management contract. Public awareness programs are improving and are done in collaboration between government and NGOs. Research is limited and fragmented. Difficulties in the enforcement of water laws and regulations. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Water Demand Issues Ø High demand compared to supply due to high population growth (2. 8%), urbanization, and increased agricultural and industrial activities. The supply to demand ratio is 80%. Ø Overgrazing, deforestation, land fragmentation, and other land use changes have influenced the pattern of flood. Ø About 60% of Jordan industries are located in the basin. Ø About 70% of the irrigation systems are high-tech mainly micro irrigation. Also, water distribution to irrigation projects are mainly through pressurized pipe systems. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Water Supply Issues Ø Climate change and occurrence of drought have decreased the annual rainfall by 10% over the last 80 years. Ø Water supply is influenced by variability in rainfall pattern which can vary by about 50% from year to year. Ø Drop in base flow to about 0. 5 -1. 0 m 3/s in summer to about 2. 04. 0 m 3/s in winter. Ø Effluent from WWTPs has modified the discharge of Zarqa River to almost constant river flow but it has greatly influenced and degraded the water quality. Ø Over abstraction of groundwater at a rate of 130 -160 MCM compared to a safe yield of about 88 MCM. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Water Quality Issues Ø Pollution of surface water from domestic and industrial effluents as well as solid wastes. Ø Over abstraction of groundwater has resulted in water quality deterioration of some wells. Ø Overgrazing, deforestation and agricultural activates as well as construction activities have increased the sediment load of surface water. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Stakeholders Name of the Stakeholder Ministry of Water and irrigation Ministry of Agriculture National Center for Agriculture Research and Technology Transfer Governorates (Amman, Zarqa, Jerash, Balka, and Mafraq) Water Authority of Jordan Valley Authority The University of Jordan Greater Zarqa Municipality Greater Amman Municipality Badia Center for Research and Development Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Acronym MWI Mo. A NCARTT Type Gov. WAJ JVA Uo. J GZM GAM BCRD Gov. Public
ers d l o h e k a t S Badia Center for Research and Development BCRD Public LIMA (Management Contractor) Zarqa Chamber of Industry LIMA ZCI Private Amman Chamber of Industry Jordan Farmer Association Jordan Environmental Society Jordan Aqua Conservation Association ACI JFA JES JACA Private NGO Jordan Society for Combating Desertification and Badia Development The Jordan National Committee for Women The Hashemite Fund for Human Development JSCDBD NGO Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan JNCW HFHD NGO
Water Resources Modeling (WRM) Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Ø Zarqa River Basin objects have been identified. Ø Digital elevation Models (DEMs) of 30 m resolution have been acquired and is under cleaning in our GIS Lab. Ø The nodes will be identified after the training workshop. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Daily rainfall record There are 33 rainfall gauges over Zarqa River Basin. Only 10 out of them have complete records for the years 1983 -2003. The data is obtained from the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and Jordan Meteorological Department. The selected rain gauges are covering the entire watershed with an average rainfall of 218 mm/year Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Daily runoff records Ø Records were compiled and validated for the years 1983 -2003 in m 3/sec. Ø The flood gauge station of Jerash Road Bridge is the only gauge in the watershed that has complete runoff records. The other flood gauges have stopped operating since 1979. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Average rainfall and runoff for the year 2000/2001 (example of the collected data) Date Average rainfall (mm) Runoff (mm) 14/10/2000 12. 4 0. 45 29/11/2000 1. 48 0 08/12/2000 12. 87 0. 15 19/12/2000 32. 29 1. 37 02/01/2001 0. 28 0 18/01/2001 24. 72 0. 84 03/02/2001 7. 02 0 13/02/2001 17. 01 0. 11 23/03/2001 5. 46 0. 06 03/04/2001 7. 28 0 30/04/2001 5. 85 0. 15 Total 126. 7 3. 13 Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Metrological Data Ø Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed, evaporation for the years 1983 -2003 were acquired for modeling purpose. Ø The name of Meteorological Stations that are covering the entire Zarqa River Basin were identified. Ø Main daily global solar radiation records for some stations were compiled. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Soil Classification Map Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Soil Classification Map with Urban Settlements Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Land Use Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Gender Issues Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Women and Education Ø Ø Ø At the university level, there is no significant distinction between males’ enrollment (50. 18 %) and females’ enrollment (49. 82 %). In 2001/2002. enrollment in Agriculture colleges, females form a majority (62 %). At community colleges level, females constitute 66 % of the students. 50. 7 % of university graduates in 2001/2002 are females Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Women and Decision-Making Ø The presence of women in high public • • posts is still low. They form: 8. 1% in Senator Council. 5. 5 % in the house of Parliament. 3. 85 % in the Cabinet of Ministers. 8 % as directors in the public sector. Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
en m o W • • ng i k a ion-M s i c e and D 7. 4 % in diplomatic corps. 10. 86 % in municipal councils. 2. 28 % out of the total number of judges and public attorneys. 14. 4 % of the academic staff in Jordanian universities (2001 -2002). Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Total numbers of the registered members in the professional associations for the year 1997 and 2002. Association 1997 2002 Male Female % Male Engineers 35170 3242 8. 4 45059 5775 11. 4 Doctors 11089 1636 12. 8 9511 1624 14. 6 Agricultural Engineers 4409 1596 26. 6 6359 2721 30. 0 Lawyers 4214 776 15. 5 4443 886 16. 6 Dentists 2200 1000 31. 1 3178 1357 29. 9 Nurses 1716 4575 72. 7 3045 5192 63. 0 Veterinarians 553 57 9. 3 821 160 16. 3 Pharmacists 2732 2028 45. 0 4224 3455 45 Journalists 304 61 16. 7 454 89 16. 4 62387 14971 19. 4 77094 21259 21. 6 Total Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Female %
Private Sector and NGOs Dealing with Gender and Water Management Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ministry of Social development The Gender Unit, Mo. A The Jordan National Committee for Women (JNCW). The Jordan National Forum for Women (JNFW). The Princess Basma Women’s Resource Center (PBWRC ). The Office for Women’s Affairs Queen Noor Al-Hussein Foundation Jordan River Foundation The Hashemite Fund for Human Development. (HFHD). Other NGOs (JES, GEF, JACA, …. ) Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Thank You Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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