Optimal Human Development Overview Humanism humanistic psychology Maslow

Optimal Human Development

Overview Humanism & humanistic psychology – Maslow, Rogers, Horney Positive Psychology movement

Maslow

Self-Actualization End does not justify the means Private Independent – Resist enculturation Value diversity Few intimate relationships Creative More peak experiences Sense of wonder Noncomformists Flaws: – Anxiety – Guilt – Absentminded – Overly kind

Karen Horney: Self-Realization Characteristics Adverse parenting bxs Self-responsibility Unpredictability Self-awareness Unfulfilled promises Vitality Impairing initiative, self-reliance, or sense Self-confidence of having rights Ability to tap Lack of warmth resources Blows to self esteem Connection with others Overprotection Live in truth & be one’s self Taking sides in parental disagreements

Shoben: Normal Personality (1957) Personal responsibility Positive interpersonal relationships Contribution to society Commitment to ideals

Rogers (1964) Move away from: – Facades – Expectations of others – Anxiety to please others Spontaneous Self-direction Value self & others Zest and excitement Empathy Value deep personal relationships Value openness Creativity Responsibility

The Fully Functioning Person Rogers “Organismic sensing” Positive regard Self-regard Congruence

Heath: Human Excellence (1994) Caring Honesty Sense of humor Openness Tolerance Commitment Understanding Respect Empathy Flexibility Self-confidence

Peak Experience, Peak Performance & Flow Absorption Valuing and Joy Spontaneity Sense of personal power Personal identity and involvement

Very Happy People Diener & Seligman, 2002 222 college students rated – Life satisfaction, mood, peer ratings High life satisfaction No suicidal thoughts Balance b/w good vs negative – Recall of events – Emotions Satisfying interpersonal lives No clinical psychopathology Big Five – Extraverted, low neuroticism, high agreeableness Not excessively happy all the time

Authentic Happiness Seligman, 2002 Positive emotion Engagement Meaning

Needs & Subjective Well-being Around the World Tay & Diener, 2011 Needs Basic needs for food and shelter Safety and security Social support and love Feeling respected Pride in activities Mastery Selfdirection/autonomy Types of SWB Life evaluation Positive feelings Negative feelings

DEVELOPMENTAL DIAGNOSIS

Developmental Diagnosis Diagnostic process is continuous, tentative, testable process of understanding the client Life stage analysis Stress & Coping

Life Stage Elements Social role expectations Developmental tasks Transitions – Continuous – Change occurs in all domains – Change in sequential – Change relative to social norms

Stress When perceived demands exceed perceived resources

Stressors Catastrophes Life changes Hassles Intervening factors Appraisal Perceived control Personality Stress Social support reactions Coping behaviors Physiological Emotional Behavioral

Stressors Frustration Change Pressure Conflict

Cognitive Appraisal A Activating Event Stress: Someone stands you up on a date you were looking forward to. B Belief System Irrational: I will never find anyone. I am a worthless person! Rational: This is too bad. I’ll find something else to do this weekend. C Consequence Angry, anxious, rejected Annoyed but remain hopeful

Common Irrational Beliefs All-Or-None Thinking Overgeneralizing Jumping to Conclusions Catastrophizing Should Statements

Emotional Responding Emotional Responses – Annoyance, anger, rage – Apprehension, anxiety, fear – Dejection, sadness, grief Emotional response and performance – The inverted-U-hypothesis

Inverted U Hypothesis

Responding to Stress Physiologically Physiological Responses The body’s resistance to stress can only Last so long before exhaustion sets in – Nonspecific Stress reactions resistance Stressor occurs Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome Phase 1 Alarm reaction (mobilize resources) Phase 2 Resistance (cope with stressor) Phase 3 Exhaustion (reserves depleted)

Coping Styles Striking out at others Self-indulgent Defensive coping Constructive coping

Coping Styles Minimizing/ avoiding Impulsive/ intuitive Rational/ analytic Confrontive/ tenacious

Interpersonal Styles Moving toward Moving away Moving against Karen Horney (1950)

Levels of Immediate Functioning Panic Apathy Striving Coping Mastery