OPPORTUNITIES IN JAMAICAS MININGMINERALS SECTOR 12 September 2021

OPPORTUNITIES IN JAMAICA’S MINING/MINERALS SECTOR 12 September 2021 O. Rainford, Ph. D. , Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville 1

CORE PRODUCTIVE SECTORS GLOBALLY i. Agriculture ii. Mining iii. Manufacturing iv. Services 12 September 2021 O. Rainford, Ph. D. , Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville 2

STRUCTURE OF JAMAICA’S MINING INDUSTRY i. Bauxite and Alumina Sector Foreign / GOJ dominated. ii. Metallic Minerals No active mines. Significant amount of foreign-directed exploration in progress – Au, Cu, Ag. iii. Industrial Minerals Non-fuel , non-metallic minerals. Primarily locally owned. 12 September 2021 O. Rainford, Ph. D. , Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville 3

MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES Bauxite 1. 4 billion metric tonnes (Reserve) Clay Over 160 million metric tonnes (Estimated Reserve) Gypsum (including 90%, 80%, 70% gypsum and anhydrite) 29. 0 million metric tonnes (Total Reserve) Black Sand (including sand, iron and titanium oxide) 19. 0 million metric tonnes (Estimated Deposits) Aggregate (skid-resistant) 2. 5 Billion metric tonnes (Known Reserve) Alluvial sand gravel Over 95 million metric tonnes Dimension Stone Over 300 million metric tonnes Limestone (calcareaous/dolomitic) Over 2. 7 billion metric tonnes (Estimated Reserve) Limestone (whiting grade) 11. 15 billion metric tonnes Limestone (chemical, industrial, metallurgical grade) 57. 5 billion metric tonnes Silica Sand 30 million metric tonnes

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CHARACTERISTICS OF JAMAICA’S MINING INDUSTRY i. Capital intensive ii. High financial risk iii. Long lead time for returns on investment iv. Heavily dependent on the performance of other v. Export dependent vi. Location specific (mining) vii. Very visible / Environmentally impacting viii. Occupationally hazardous 12 September 2021 O. Rainford, Ph. D. , Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville sectors 9

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OPPORTUNITIES 1. Mineral and Value-added Products Exportation 2. Mineral Exploration 3. Manufacturing of Value Added Products (Grout, Thinset, Industrial Limes, Construction Blocks, etc. ) 4. Quarrying (limestone, sand, SRA, clay, etc. ) 5. Service provider (Haulage, Energy, Spares, etc. ) 6. Financing 7. Analytical / Laboratory Services 8. Drilling and Blasting 9. Contract Mining / Land Rehabilitation 12 September 2021 O. Rainford, Ph. D. , Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville 15

THE VALUE OF LIMESTONE 1. Widely used in various segments of industry. 2. Its value increases the more it is processed. i. Processed to 50 microns and finer it attracts prices above US$23/tonne. ii. Processed to 0. 7 microns (pharmaceutical grade) it may attract prices over US$325/tonne. 3. Excellent qualities and huge quantities available. 12 September 2021 O. Rainford, Ph. D. , Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville 16

THANK YOU 12 September 2021 O. Rainford, Ph. D. , Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville . 17