Operationalisation of the Modular Approach and Integration of

Operationalisation of the Modular Approach, and Integration of Census and Surveys Mukesh K Srivastava FAO Statistics Division 1

WCA 2010: Why a Modular approach? l l l ü Difficult trade off between high data demands and limited financial and manpower resources Fragmented and isolated efforts to collect statistics; often duplication and resulting in coherence Limited scope of analysis The modular approach ü ü 2 provides a “Globally Optimum Strategy” i. e. maximum satisfaction of maximum users Can be implemented in a phased manner or by different agencies

Modular plan of census and surveys l Agricultural census as the central component of the system of agricultural sample surveys – – l A series of thematic agricultural sample surveys based on the agricultural census – – 3 Core Census (16 core data items) Census supplementary modules. planned as part of agricultural census plan based on sampling frames obtained from the agricultural census provide more detailed data on specific topics Examples: agricultural practices, time use, cost of production, ongoing surveys on crop and livestock production or adhoc surveys for estimation of livestock yields

Agricultural Survey Program Water Use Crops Yields Crop Production Fish Production Agricultural Inputs Crops Cost of Production Time Use Acquaculture Agricultural Census Livestock Rural Agricultural Labour Rural Activities/ Income/ Infrastructure Livestock Production Water Use Population Census Livestock Yield Coefficients AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (SOCIAL: Livelihood, Food security, Gender) 4

Outline of agricultural census/survey programme Themes 5

Hierarchy of data items: Livestock 6 Type of information Questions/ data items Type of survey Periodicity/ sampling fraction List of holdings by livestock types, livestock population by small administrative unit Is the holding engaged in livestock production? If so, number of animals Population census or agriculture census decadal, complete enumeration Livestock production system Rearing system, feed system, use of vet service Agricultural census/ Livestock survey decadal / 5 yearly, sample Livestock Production Livestock death, birth, acquisition, slaughter, milk status Special livestock Survey Annual/ sufficiently large sample Livestock Yields yields of milk, meat, honey Yield survey 5 yearly, Thin sample

Acquaculture l Complete enumeration (for frame) – l Enumeration by sampling methods. – – – l l 7 presence of aquaculture area of aquaculture by type of site area of aquaculture by type of production facility area of aquaculture by type of water sources of water for aquaculture type of aquaculture organism cultivated In some countries where most agricultural holdings are engaged in aquaculture, there may be module along with the agricultural census This strategy may be used for a specific region of the country

Examples of modular approach l Thailand: long-short form using systematic sampling – l India: Phased programme without any connection to Population Census – l – 8 Input survey on a thin survey (1% sample based on two stage stratified sampling) Niger: – l Minor crops by sampling Core module piggy backed on the Population Census A series of thematic surveys: Food security, Vegetables, Livestock productivity, annual Crop production Jordan: use of PDA, logical questions

Planning a modular programme l l Assessment of ongoing statistical activities in the country Assessment of user demand – – l l 9 A formal User Survey A Working group of data producers and users Structured interviews of prominent users Regular comments received through internet Synthesis of assessment in a User-Producer workshop Build partnerships in execution of survey plan

Analysis of data demands l Specify for each data item: – – – l Analysis of user profile: – l interest in a project area or national Classify the data items as suitable for: – – 10 the degree of details with which the data is required, the administrative level (s) at which the data is needed, the acceptable level of precision in the estimates, the frequency/ periodicity at which the data is needed, the number of users a data items, and the use of the data. Complete Enumeration or Sample survey

Who does what? l NSO – – – l Ministry of agriculture – – l Crop monitoring Yield measurement, norms Ministry of Rural Development – – – 11 Conducts surveys of national importance Such surveys which do need very skilled manpower Provides technical leadership (frame, sampling scheme, training) to executing agency e. g. Ministry of agriculture Income – expenditure Credit, debt, investment Rural/agro- tourism

Cost considerations l l 12 Options of sampling designs Phased programme Restricting the coverage of census/survey to a specified area e. g. fishing and aquaculture survey restricted to coastal area Sharing of cost between the agencies

Conclusions l l l 13 Survey planning is more an Art than Science The job of a survey planner is like that of an Architect, who uses his technical skills to ensure optimal utilization of available resources in a creative way. Sampling Expert is an Engineer.

Shukran Recommended readings: l What is a census? l Hand out on this topic l WCA 2010 document in Arabic 14