Operation Based Ontologies Gerhard Navratil Geoinformation TU Vienna
Operation Based Ontologies Gerhard Navratil Geoinformation TU Vienna navratil@geoinfo. tuwien. ac. at
Overview o Transactions o Operations and Modeling Operations o Modeling Operations Defined by Laws o Conclusions October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Transactions o o o Discussion by Frank at Vienna workshop E. g. transfer of ownership Non-zero costs Give information value Value of information value of improvement of decision October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Problem with Operations o Concept o How to model operations? o How to implement them in GIS? o Operations require a time concept! October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Workshop in Maine, Nov. 2002 o o Mike Worboys and Kathleen Hornsby Action-oriented approaches in geographic information science Aim: „… to lay the foundations for a principled account of dynamic features of geographic space and of the objects, events and processes located therein. “ Topics: Ontologies of actions, classification of existing approaches, granularity and level of detail, temporal structures October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Movement as an operation o o Basic aspect of persons Basic property of objects n n Movable objects Immovable objects (land? ) October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Definition of Operations o Objects have affordances Affordances define algebras Algebras contain the operations o Result: Clear concept for objects: o o n n Class – description of a set of objects (general description of affordances and properties) Instance – one specific object October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Sample Operation ‚enter parcel‘ o o o o Look into the laws http: //www. ris. bka. gv. at/ 4 treaties between Austria and other countries 19 federal laws and decrees 51 other laws and decrees 15 judgments of the constitutional court 119 judgments of the administrational court October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Modeling Legal Definitions for Operations o Various approaches: n n o Storage of the text Logic Ontologies Representation languages Our approach are algebras October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Laws vs. Algebras o Similarities n n o Describe a model Subdivide into small pieces Abstract definitions Axiomatic definitions Differences n n n Imprecise definitions Organizational contents (time, responsibility) Contradictions October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Contribution of a Paragraph o Definition of a sort (class) o Definition of an operation o Definition of an Axiom October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Definition of a Sort o § 1 GBG 55: The land register consists of main book and document register Land register Document register Main book data Landregister = LR Main. Book Doc. Register October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Definition of an Operation o Required pieces of information: n n n Name Sort Parameters October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Definition of an Axiom o § 7 GBG 55: The land register is public. inspect p lr = if inspection. Allowed p then. . . else error ". . . " inspection. Allowed : : Person -> Bool inspection. Allowed _ = True October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
Conclusions o o o Algebras are useful for modeling operations Operations defined by laws can be translated into algebras Algebras allow consistency checks, comparisons to other countries (translations should be possible!) October 11 th 2002 COST G 9 action Workshop Delft Gerhard Navratil TU Vienna/Dept. Geoinformation
- Slides: 15