Operating System Virtualization Adam Nofsinger OS Virtualization What

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Operating System Virtualization Adam Nofsinger

Operating System Virtualization Adam Nofsinger

OS Virtualization • • • What is it? Brief History Why use it? Virtualization

OS Virtualization • • • What is it? Brief History Why use it? Virtualization Software Shortcomings Future Tech 2

Virtualization • Definition: – Broadly describes the (beneficial) separation of a resource or service

Virtualization • Definition: – Broadly describes the (beneficial) separation of a resource or service from the typical physical means of providing it. • Examples: – Virtual Memory – Virtual Private Networks – Java Virtual Machine 3

Virtualization • OS Virtualization (Virtual Machines) – Separate OS from Physical Hardware – Host

Virtualization • OS Virtualization (Virtual Machines) – Separate OS from Physical Hardware – Host OS Guest OS Virtual Layer Host OS Hardware 4

Virtualization Techniques • How does Guest OS get to Hardware? Guest OS Virtual Layer

Virtualization Techniques • How does Guest OS get to Hardware? Guest OS Virtual Layer Host OS Hardware Processor – Memory – NIC – Disk 5

Virtualization Techniques • Virtual Monitor • Qemu, Vmware Player, Microsoft Virtual PC • Sometimes

Virtualization Techniques • Virtual Monitor • Qemu, Vmware Player, Microsoft Virtual PC • Sometimes called Emulation, e. g. x 86 Emulation Guest OS Virtual Monitor Host OS Hardware 6

Virtualization Techniques • Hypervisor • Vmware ESX Server, Parallels* OS OS OS Hypervisor Software

Virtualization Techniques • Hypervisor • Vmware ESX Server, Parallels* OS OS OS Hypervisor Software Hardware 7

Virtualization Techniques • Para-Virtualization • Xen, Vmware Tools* Guest OS (Modified) Virtual Monitor Host

Virtualization Techniques • Para-Virtualization • Xen, Vmware Tools* Guest OS (Modified) Virtual Monitor Host OS Hardware 8

One Slide History • 1960 s • IBM’s Mainframe Computers (e. g. IBM S/360)

One Slide History • 1960 s • IBM’s Mainframe Computers (e. g. IBM S/360) – Compatible Time Sharing System (CTSS) • 1980 s • Desktop PC Virtualization on Backburner • 1990 s - Present • IA-32 Server Hardware High Profit Market • Virtualization Increased Hardware value. • Vmware Introduces Workstation 9

Why OS Virtualization? • Multi-Platform Testing – Only need one set of Hardware •

Why OS Virtualization? • Multi-Platform Testing – Only need one set of Hardware • Resource saver on purchases (time/money) • Can cut setup time • Emulated Hardware – Same Hardware on All Test Environments – Hardware Simulation – Limited Resource Environments 10

Why OS Virtualization? • Isolation – Virtual Machine from Host OS / Other VMs

Why OS Virtualization? • Isolation – Virtual Machine from Host OS / Other VMs – Safe for “untrusted” applications. – Partitioning of Services • Server Environment more stable. • Some Applications don’t play w/ Others • Encapsulation – One VM One File/Folder on Disk – Typically easy to migrate. 11

Why OS Virtualization? • OS Debugging – Crash on Developing OS do not (typically)

Why OS Virtualization? • OS Debugging – Crash on Developing OS do not (typically) affect Host OS. – Debug • Memory dumps • CPU Registers • Serial / Parallel Port dumps • Multiple OS Instances Simultaneously – Infrastructure Testing • Win 98 Linux Open. BSD Win 2 K 12

Why OS Virtualization? • Legacy Applications • Server Application Virtualization Testing – Some application

Why OS Virtualization? • Legacy Applications • Server Application Virtualization Testing – Some application commonly on VMs • Portability Requirements Lessen – Down with Host OS! • Virtualization is Fun! – Gain Experience with new OS. – Help a business transition to Open-Source. 13

Virtualization Software • Vmware • • Server Player Workstation ESX Server • Qemu •

Virtualization Software • Vmware • • Server Player Workstation ESX Server • Qemu • Xen • Microsoft Virtual PC/Server • Connectix 14

Vmware Server • Currently Free! (But Geared toward Server) • Unique Features vs. Workstation

Vmware Server • Currently Free! (But Geared toward Server) • Unique Features vs. Workstation – Remote Administration • Consoles • Web Interface – VMs can Run as Service • Slow to Administrate – Especially GUI style (e. g. X, Windows) • Can make VMs for Vmware Player 15

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 16

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 16

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 17

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 17

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 18

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 18

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 19

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 19

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 20

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 20

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 21

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 21

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 22

http: //www. vmware. com/products/server 22

Vmware Player • Demo Time! 23

Vmware Player • Demo Time! 23

Vmware Work. Station • Geared more toward Software Developers • Features vs. Vmware Server

Vmware Work. Station • Geared more toward Software Developers • Features vs. Vmware Server – Multiple Snapshots – Cloning – Movie Recording – Teams & VPNs • $200/license http: //www. vmware. com/img/ws 5_large 4. png 24

http: //www. vmware. com/img/ws 5_large 3. png 25

http: //www. vmware. com/img/ws 5_large 3. png 25

Vmware ESX Server • Intended for Enterprise-Level Servers – Partitioning • Hypervisor – Runs

Vmware ESX Server • Intended for Enterprise-Level Servers – Partitioning • Hypervisor – Runs on “Bare Metal” (Hardware Layer) • Live Migration 26

QEMU • Demo Time! 27

QEMU • Demo Time! 27

Xen • Open-Source, Linux • Para-Virtualization – Very Fast – Have to use Modified

Xen • Open-Source, Linux • Para-Virtualization – Very Fast – Have to use Modified Guest OS • Kernel Modifications • Windows? • Live Migration 28

Microsoft Virtual PC / Server • The VM Software Formerly Known as Connectix Virtual

Microsoft Virtual PC / Server • The VM Software Formerly Known as Connectix Virtual PC • Runs on x 86 or Power PC Architecture • PC: $130 • Server: $100 - $200 (#of processor) 29

Other Offerings • • • Bochs IA-32 Emulator – http: //bochs. sourceforge. net/ Linux-VServer

Other Offerings • • • Bochs IA-32 Emulator – http: //bochs. sourceforge. net/ Linux-VServer – http: //linux-vserver. org/ Virtuozzo => Server Virtualization, $200 - $4000+ – http: //www. swsoft. com/en/products/virtuozzo/ Open. VZ => Open Source Virtuozzo – http: //openvz. org/ Parallels Workstation 2. 0 => Hypervisor-Powered, $49 / license – http: //www. parallels. com/ TRANGO – RTOS Hypervisor, ARM, MIPS, Power. PC, etc. – http: //www. trango-systems. com/ 30

General Shortcomings • Virtual Machine cannot represent real scenario 100% accurately. – Especially true

General Shortcomings • Virtual Machine cannot represent real scenario 100% accurately. – Especially true with Para-Virtualization. – Most situations close enough. • Guest OS Hardware Requirements. – Host needs more RAM, HD Space, etc. • Sometimes just to operate 31

General Shortcomings • Intel IA-32 Virtualization Problems – More on this in a bit

General Shortcomings • Intel IA-32 Virtualization Problems – More on this in a bit (Vanderpool) • Some Hardware not supported – USB (Sometimes) – 3 D Graphics Cards – Etc. 32

Future Tech • Intel VT (aka “Vanderpool”) – Virtual Machine Extensions (VMX) • 10

Future Tech • Intel VT (aka “Vanderpool”) – Virtual Machine Extensions (VMX) • 10 new virtualization specific instructions • VMXON, VMXOFF • VMLAUNCH, VMRESUME – BIOS / VMM application in the works OS OS OS Virtual Layer Virtual CPU 33

Future Tech • AMD VT (aka “Pacifica”) – Similar to Intel • Additions to

Future Tech • AMD VT (aka “Pacifica”) – Similar to Intel • Additions to x 86 Architecture to better support VMs http: //enterprise. amd. com/Downloads/Pacifica_en. pdf 34

References • • Amit Sing, An Introduction to Virtualization – http: //www. kernelthread. com/publications/virtualization/

References • • Amit Sing, An Introduction to Virtualization – http: //www. kernelthread. com/publications/virtualization/ Vmware, Virtualization Overview – http: //www. vmware. com/virtualization/ Vmware, Virtualization White Paper – http: //www. vmware. com/pdf/virtualization. pdf [pdf] Cambridge University Systems Research Group, Xen Website – http: //www. cl. cam. ac. uk/Research/SRG/netos/xen/ Microsoft, Virtual PC Website – http: //www. microsoft. com/windows/virtualpc/default. mspx Bochs Website – http: //bochs. sourceforge. net/ Gabriel Torres, Intel Virtualization Technology (VT) Explained – http: //www. hardwaresecrets. com/printpage/263 AMD, “Pacifica” Virtualization Technology – http: //enterprise. amd. com/Downloads/Pacifica_en. pdf [pdf] 35