Operating Air Transport WFP Logistics We Deliver Lesson

Operating Air Transport WFP Logistics, We Deliver

Lesson Plan: Operating Air Transport LEARNING OBJECTIVE/S: By the end of the session, participants will be able to: Engaging commercial vs military assets Special considerations for helicopter operations (sling, cost vs runtime, safety and security at landing site etc. ) Special considerations for fixed wing Structure Introduction Timing 5 minutes Activities Explain lesson objectives Commercial and military operators 10 minutes Differences between military providers and civilian providers; how to initiate an operation or request for transport Contracting of air assets 20 minutes Contracting procedure and points for evaluation Exercise: Cost of air assets 30 minutes Simple calculations of the cost of running a helicopter in the participants’ scenario exercise Special considerations for helicopter operations 10 minutes Capabilities and limitations of helicopters; special sling operations, cost basis of commercial helicopters and maximising usage Special considerations for fixed wing aircraft 10 minutes Layout of an airfield, specialised areas, cargo and passenger considerations Lesson End/Plenary x minutes EVALUATION / RECAP QUESTIONS What would you do differently if engaging a commercial aviation operator over a military operator? If I plan to transport cargo via a sling operation, how must the cargo be prepared? Total Lesson Length 90 minutes MEASURABLE OUTCOMES Identify the roles of different actors in aviation field operations List specific requirements for each helicopter and fixed wing transport operations

Engaging Commercial vs. Military Assets United Nations Mission National Military & Civil Defense Government Armies Alliance Forces Multinational or Regional Forces

Engaging Commercial vs. Military Assets Access Logistics Security

Air Freight Contracting Airfreight on Scheduled Commercial Carriers Ad-Hoc Aircraft Charter Flights / Passengers or CARGO Ad-Hoc Aircraft Charter Flights PASSENGERS Ad-Hoc Aircraft Charter Flights CARGO Contractual agreements to be signed between the fully licensed AOC holder and CLIENT Contractual agreements can be signed with the aircraft charter broker Long-Term Aircraft Charter Agreements

Air Freight Contracting: Pros & Cons Contract Pro Con Air Freight on Commercial Carriers Less than a full aircraft load, more established and regular service, low liability risk limited space availability, coverage only on regular routes Ad Hoc Freight Contract Long Term Charter Agreements Flexible and adaptable to Can be expensive, limited needs, can use RFQ, full availability of service, less package, pay per ton/as per controlled/more liability risk agreement The most adaptable flexible option, the option for passengers Extensive support required, larger investment required, highest liability risk

Aircraft Charter Process 1 2 • Operator identification • Operator evaluation • Operator registration • Aircraft Charter Short List 3 • Aviation procurement • Request for Offer – OUT / Response to Offer – IN • Offers evaluation 4 • Recommendation/Approval • Pre-deployment Inspection • Positioning – Aircraft Acceptance into Operational Service

Negotiating Aircraft Charter Agreements 1 Expected number of passengers 2 Tonnage to be moved 3 Quantity, dimensions, nature of goods to transport 4 Distance to be flown 5 Aircraft performance/suitability in relation to the airfields 6 Meteorological and environmental conditions

Air Freight Contracting: Cargo Charters Precise dimension & description of cargo for the request Customs regulations, fees and freight forwarder capacity Destination airport infrastructure, equipment, customs & fees Selection of the suitable aircraft type Reputation of the Air Carrier/Freight Forwarder Payment conditions Transhipment to ground transportation

Contracted Fleet Average Costs Example of costs for one month operation with 80 guaranteed hours. Type of Aircraft (sample) MI-8 MTV type Dash 8 type Cost per hour (dry) (USD) 5, 000 4, 000 MGH (hrs. /month) (USD) 80 80 Cost Hours per month (USD) 400, 000 320, 000 Cost Fuel per month (USD) 120, 000 105, 000 Cost AMT per month (USD) 30, 000 Cost Positioning. Depositioning (USD) 300, 000 200, 000 Total cost (USD) 850, 000 655, 000

Exercise: Helicopter Ops You are now ready to organise your first distribution in Hanan where you have 13, 000 beneficiaries. You have received the following consignments which are in your warehouse in Negeri: • Family tents: 2, 600 • Family kits: 2, 600 You have at your disposal 2*MI 8 Helicopters who can carry a maximum of 3 MT per rotation. • Flying time to Hanan is 0. 5 hr. (one way) • You can do 5 rotations per day (night flights not permitted) 1. How many days you will need to finalise the transport of all items (consider weight only)? 2. What will be the cost of this specific operation ($6, 875/hr. )? 20 minutes to prepare 10 minutes to present/discuss

Exercise Solution Cargo Required Quantity Unit Weight (kg) Family Kits 2, 600 26 67, 600 Number of Units 2 Family Tents 2, 600 54 140, 400 Capacity per trip (mt) 3 Rotations per day 5 Daily Capacity (mt) 30 Total Weight Helicopter capacity: 2* MI-8 208, 000 KG 208 MT 208 mt Requirement / 30 mt capacity per day 6. 93 Days Required 1 Crew Rest Day 8 Days required for total dispatch 208 mt Requirement / 3 mt capacity per hour flown 69. 33 1 rotation takes 0. 5 hr one way, so 1 hr round trip 70 hours required $6, 875 per hour flown $481, 250 Total Costs required

Special Considerations for Helicopter Operations

Capabilities vs. Limitations: Helicopters Operate from confined and unimproved areas Unload/load Humanitarian Staff capabilities and emergency equipment from short distance Transport cargo as an external load Range and payload Weight and balance affecting flight control Weather limitations Aviator fatigue Fly safely and efficiently at low altitude Operate under marginal weather conditions Night and/or limited visibility landings and lift-offs at minimum light Load-carrying capability decreasing with increases of altitude, humidity, and temperature Selection of the direction of landing and lift-off limitation

Technical Assistance for Sling Operations Special skills and training Carrier should provide own experts Crew to supervise assisting staff Two-way communications during operations

Fixed Wing - Considerations 1 Runway length 3 Weather 2 Loading & unloading

Capabilities vs. Limitations: Fixed Wing Operate from relatively short LZ(s) if the terrain capabilities is fairly smooth Greater range and less maintenance Landings and take-offs at night/during limited visibility at minimum of ambient light May need improved landing strips Weather limitations A wind velocity of 8 to 10 knots may affect selection of the direction of landing and take-off limitations

Fixed Wing Aircraft PAC 750 XL King Air 200/350 # Passenger Type Runway Length 9 Small 400 mt 9 -13 Passenger (1, 300 ft) Small 1, 000 mt Passenger (3, 000 ft) Cessna-208 B 12 Light-Weight Passenger (2, 400 ft) 700 mt Let L-410 19 S-M 700 mt Do 228 -200 Beechcraft 1900 C/D Passenger (2, 400 ft) 19 STOL Utility 630 mt (2, 066 ft) 19 Small-Med 1, 250 mt Medium 1, 800 mt Medium 700 mt Embraer 135/145 37 -50 Dash-8 (100, 200, 300 series) 39 -56 CRJ-200 50 Fokker 50 58 Passenger (4, 000 ft) (5, 905 ft) Passenger (2, 400 ft) Medium 1, 700 mt Medium 1, 000 mt Passenger (5, 600 ft) (2, 400 ft) Range 500 NM 1, 000 NM 800 NM 500 NM 1, 450 NM 1, 000 NM 2, 000 NM 750 NM 1, 345 NM 1, 000 NM

Cargo Aircraft Payload Cruising Speed Runway Length Range Antonov AN-12 20 mt 670 km/h 1, 800 mt (5, 900 ft) 2, 000 NM C-130 “Hercules” 20 mt 600 km/h 1, 000 mt (3, 000 ft) 2, 000 NM Ilyushin IL-76 40 mt 775 km/h 1, 800 mt (6, 000 ft) 2, 300 NM Boeing 747 -300 100 mt 910 km/h 3000 mt (10, 000 ft) 4, 900 NM Antonov AN 124 122 mt 800 km/h 3000 mt (10, 000 ft) 2, 900 NM

Helicopters Mi-8 T/P Mi-8 MTV • • • 24 passengers or 4 tonnes. Medium lift utility helicopters. Good for passengers/cargo lift. Low charter rate Typical range: 307 NM • 22 passengers, 3 crew. • In contrast to the Mi-8 T/Mi-8 P, is equipped with more powerful TV 3117 VM engines and a more effective tail rotor - for better directional control. • Typical range: 270 NM

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