OPERANT CONDITIONING Unit 6 Sensitivity to Punishment Rewards

OPERANT CONDITIONING Unit 6

Sensitivity to Punishment & Rewards Punishment Score= �Add all of your Yes responses for each ODD number High punishment �You’ll have a range from 0 -24 score you are likely vulnerable to anxiety Reward Score= �Add all of your Yes responses for each High reward EVEN number score you are �You’ll have a range from 0 -24 likely vulnerable to impulsivity

Objective 4: Applications of Classical Conditioning �John Watson and Baby Albert http: //www. youtube. com /watch? v=FMnhy. Goz. Ly E Little Albert

Objective 5: Operant Conditioning B. F. E N N I SK R

BEFORE your response s lu stimu �Classical Conditioning �behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus (you have no control) �Operant conditioning �Associate your own actions with consequences (you have control over behavior) c en u q e s con e AFTER your response What determines your behavior? When does this happen?

Do you care about future consequences? -reverse #s 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, &12 - Total all 12 - Range from 12 -60 - Higher numbers indicate greater concern for future consequences - Optimistic, hopeful, recycle, internal locus of control, concern for health, don’t smoke - Lower numbers tend to be very passionate about things currently going on http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=x 3 S 0 x. S 2 hdi 4 Marshmallow Test

1. How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor’s friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation. 2. Mr. Bryne can’t understand why scolding his 7 th grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr. Bryne’s predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles. Also, show he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors. 3. Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement. 4. Some people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response: US UR CS CR Extinction

1. Another term for negative reinforcement: correction, reprimand, punishment arenegative the basic types of reinforcers? 2. When. What you supply reinforcement it usually results in: weakening a behavior / strengthening a behavior 3. Do people look forward to negative reinforcement: yes / no �Reinforcer �Anything that strengthens the behavior it follows �Positive reinforcement – adds a positive to continue your behavior �Negative reinforcement – removes a negative �Not punishment �Removes a punishing event / gets rid of something annoying

Which type of reinforcement 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. + A mother gives her son praise for doing homework Taking aspirin to relieve headache Putting mittens on because it is-cold The little boy receives $5. 00 for every A he earns on his + report card. Giving in to a whining child Fanning oneself to escape the heat Leaving a movie theater if the movie is bad Smoking in order to relieve anxiety + A father gives his daughter candy- for cleaning up toys. Feigning stomachache to avoid school Putting up umbrellas to escape the rain You get yelled at for having your music + too loud by your mom who usually ignores you so you can continue

�Punishment �Stops the behavior Negative Reinforcement encourages behavior. When something unpleasant stops, the behavior that caused it to stop is reinforced

Skinner’s Experiments Punishment �Negatives of using punishment �Punished behavior is suppressed not forgotten �Punishment teaches discrimination �did child learn not to curse or just not to curse in house? �Punishment can teach fear �Physical punishment may increase aggression

Punishment tells you what not to do; reinforcement tells you what to do

Schedules of Reinforcement 1. Continuous Reinforcment �reward after every behavior 2. Schedules of Reinforcment � 4 types of partial schedules

Skinner’s Experiments �Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)

Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules �Ratio (2) �dependent on the behavior itself; a certain number of responses are needed before reinforcement will occur �FIXED –RATIO �reinforce behavior after set # of responses �VARIABLE-RATIO � reinforce behavior after unpredictable # of responses…slot machine �Interval (2) �involves a TIME element; time must pass before reinforcement will occur �FIXED –INTERVAL �reinforce 1 st response after set time…produces stopstart behavior (more as reward draws near) �VARIABLE-INTERVAL � reinforce 1 st response after varying time intervals

Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules slot machine

Skinner’s Experiments Reinforcement Schedules

Reinforcement Schedules Interval: subject must b e behaving at th e right time to get reinforcement

Reinforcement Schedules: Practice 1. VR 2. FR 3. VI 4. FI 5. VI 6. VR 7. FI 8. FR 9. VR 10. VI 11. FR 12. FI

1. How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor’s friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation. 2. Mr. Bryne can’t understand why scolding his 7 th grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr. Bryne’s predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles. Also, show he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors. 3. Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement. 4. Some people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response: US UR CS CR Extinction

Sensitivity to Punishment & Reward Questionnaire Are some of us more sensitive to punishment? Are some of us more sensitive to reward? Sensitivity to Punishment � Assign 1 point for each yes answer for odd #s � 0 -24 range Sensitivity to Reward � Assign 1 point for each yes answer for even #s High punish. Score vulnerable to anxiety. High reward score = impulsivity.