Open Research Yvonne Desmond SubLibrarian Digital Services Research
Open Research Yvonne Desmond Sub-Librarian, Digital Services & Research
Definition • Open research (science) aims at transforming science through ICT tools, networks and media, to make research more open, global, collaborative, creative and closer to society https: //ec. Europa. eu/digital-agenda/en/open-science • Open research (science) is the movement to make scientific research, data and dissemination accessible to all levels of an enquiring society, amateur or professional https: //Wikipedia. org/wiki/Open. science • Open means anyone can freely access, use, modify and share for any purpose (subject, at most to requirements that preserve provenance and openness) http: //opendefinition. org/
Why? More transparent, collaborative, accessible and efficient Pan European movement Value for taxpayer Access to publications, data, post-publication peer-review, open source software, citizen science, societal impact Technology assisted…. online research tools, open access journals, data journals, impact metrics Cultural shift in the research process
Driven by European Commission • A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe 2012 • Results of research freely available assists economic growth • EOSC…. European Open Science Cloud • Open Science named as 1 of 3 priority areas for EU research • Horizon 2020 open access to publications mandatory • Open Access Data Pilot extended to all thematic areas 2017 • Special Envoy to ensure open access to publicly funded research by 2020 • Coalition Plan S 2018
Horizon Europe – Pillar Open Innovation Horizon Europe: Pillar Open Innovation • European Innovation Council • Pathfinder, supports future and emerging technologies • European Innovation Ecosystems • Connection with regional and national innovators, cross border activity, enhancing soft skills for innovation to research and innovation actions • European Institute for Technology • Promoting sustainable innovation ecosystems across Europe that address societal challenges in broad thematic areas; entrepreneurial and innovation skills in a lifelong learning perspective and the entrepreneurial transformation of EU universities Conor Carroll
European Research Area 1. More effective national research systems 2. Optimal transnational co-operation and competition 3. An open labour market for researchers 4. Gender equality and gender mainstreaming in research 5. Optimal circulation, access to and transfer of scientific knowledge Open Science Open Innovation Open to the World Conor Carroll
Recommendation 25. 4. 2018 on access to and preservation of scientific information • Reiterates commitment to Open Science • Rewards/incentives for Open Science • Member States. . policies, implementation plans and monitoring • All publications open access by 2020 • Open access no later than 6 months after publication • Researchers retain intellectual property • Funders should be resourced to support and mandate • Data management planning core activity • Data must be FAIR and monitored
Coalition S for the realisation of Full and Immediate Open Access, Sept. 2018 • Applies to academic publications • Authors keep copyright • Open licenses (CC BY) • Interim support for hybrid only as stepping stone to OA • Publish in OA Journals in the DOAJ • Monitor compliance and will sanction non-compliance • Use of responsible metrics • Funders/Institutions pay APCs • https: //www. scienceeurope. org/coalition-s/
We need to be on board !
Ireland • National Open Research Forum • All stakeholders • Chaired by HEA and HRB, secretariat DEBEI • Working Groups • • Open access to publications, Open Research Data, Infrastructure Human Resources Public consultation on Draft National Statement on the Transition to an Open Access Research Environment open until November, 26, 2018
TU Dublin Open Research Action Group • Forum for TU Dublin • Chaired by Niamh Brennan from TCD • Forum for discussion and action • Mandate • To provide policies • To provide training To be as open as possible, as closed as necessary.
Foster Open Science Taxonomy
OA Publications Open Data Open Software Open Peer Review Citizen Science
Open Access to Publications
Open Access Publications • Accessed online, free, no paywalls, no password, no obstacles • Author keeps copyright, licensed for reuse • Generally institutional/subject repositories • Hybrid publishers, charge for OA Plan S says APC’s should be capped Be careful about predatory publishers Re-emergence of the University Press
Impact cycle begins: 12 -18 Months Research is done Researchers write pre-refereeing “Pre-Print” Submitted to Journal Pre-Print reviewed by Peer Experts – “Peer. Review” Pre-Print revised by article’s Authors Refereed “Post-Print” Accepted, Certified, Published by Journal Researchers can access the Post-Print if their university has a subscription to the Journal Post-Print is self-archived in Arrow More impact cycles: New impact cycles: New research builds on existing research
Type of Open Access for Articles • Green (self archiving) • Authors final draft, may be embargoed • Gold • Refers to articles in fully accessible open access journals • Hybrid: some times called Paid Open Access, refers to subscription journals with open access to individual articles usually when a fee is paid to the publisher or journal by the author, the author's organization, or the research funder. Facilitated by the Un. Paywall browser extension for Chrome https: //chrome. google. com/webstore/detail/unpaywall/iplffkdpngmdjhlpjmppncnl homiipha? hl=en
Directory of Open Access Journals • DOAJ is a community-curated online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals. DOAJ is independent. All funding is via donations, 40% of which comes from sponsors and 60% from members and publisher members. All DOAJ services are free of charge including being indexed in DOAJ. All data is freely available. • 12, 179 journals Gold Open Access • 500 applications per month, 40% acceptance • DIT publishes journals, many are in the DOAJ • Short videos on purpose and mission here • (also directory of OA Books and the rise of the University Press)
Arrow • Dissemination & Preservation • 12, 556 items, downloaded 6, 727, 884 times • 12 journals, soon to be 14 • IJTRP accepted into Scopus • Conferences • Gastronomy Archive • DIT Grangegorman Archive
Ireland’s Open Access Repository Network Connaught / Ulster Alliance (ITS, LKIT, GMIT) HSE Harvested Thea Harvested DBS DCU NUI G RCSI DIT TCD Marine I • Greater discoverability • Higher impact • All research outputs DKIT NUI M UCD Teagasc UL WIT MI UCC Searched • Ireland’s OA Repository network: 18+ institutions • All universities, many other research institutes, IOTS • National Open Access Portal: RIAN (http: //rian. ie ) – RIAN: Higher Education Authority- funded
Open Access to Data
Open Access to Data • • • Data Management Plan Verifiable findings/research integrity Software/code available, citable, reusable = research output Data repositories/data journals Licensed for reuse CC BY As FAIR as possible. . open by default, closed if necessary • • • DSRH Data http: //www. dit. ie/dsrh/data/ Template: https: //www. dit. ie/dsrh/data/dmptemplate/ Data Stewardship Wizard https: //dsw. fairdata. solutions/ DMP Online Tool https: //dmponline. dcc. ac. uk/ Arrow Data Portal : https: //arrow. dit. ie/data/
FAIR Data Principles • Findable: data and metadata • Accessible: can access the data • Interoperable: format should be open and interpretable for other tools. Applies to both data and metadata • Re-usable: optimises re-use of data. Metadata and data should be well described so that they can be replicated or combined in different settings. • Emphasis on the ability of technology to automatically find and use data or any digital object and then reuse
Data Publishing • Ancillary material to journal article • Institutional Repository • Specialist repository e. g. . Fig. Share • Subject specific repository • Data paper about the dataset • Scientific Data (Springer. Nature) or Numbers • Open. Aire recommends Institutional repository, subject one or cost-free one
Data Packaging • Metadata file describing the features and context of the dataset • Will include creation information, provenance, size, format types, field definitions as well as any relevant contextual files such as data creation scripts or textual documents • Data lives forever, cannot stand alone, needs context! • Structuring metadata in a standard, machine readable way encourages the possibility of sharing and reusing the data
Plan for FAIR • Start with the DMP • Have metadata but embargo data for a limited time if want to publish • Who owns the data…university/funder/researcher? • Reproducible…duplicate the results using the same materials • Replicability. . duplicate the results if the same procedures are followed but new data collected • Reproducibility = methods orientated • Replicability = results orientated
GDPR • Right to be informed • Right to access • Right to rectification • Right to erasure • Right to restrict processing • Right to data portability • Right to object • Rights in relation to automated decision making and profiling
Open Software
Open Source Software • Open source software for analysis, simulation, visualisation etc. where the full source code is available. • It must also have a licence that allows modification, derivation and redistribution • Sharing software helps reproducibility • Allows for citations either direct or from articles in journals • The Journal of Open Research Software or the Journal of Open Source Software
Qs to ask • • Is the software available to download and install? Can it be easily installed on different platforms Does the software have conditions on use? Is the source code available for inspection? Is the history of the various versions publically available? Are the dependencies adequately described? Is there an open license (otherwise not open!) Barnes (2010) “if your code is good enough to do the job, then it is good enough to release and releasing it will help your research and your field”
Open Peer Review
Open Peer Review (OPR) • Academic “prestige economy” • Peer review to judge a piece of research • OPR does the same thing more transparently • Open identities. . know the authors, know the reviewers • Open Reports. . reports posted with the articles • Open Participation…judged by community • Open Interaction between authors and reviewers • Open pre – review…good way to test new ideas • Will need to be incentivised and valued
Pros and Cons • Pros • • • Greater accountability for reviewers Open reports quality assurance Overall, quality of the reviews should be better Fact more public, should get more credit for reviewing More open processes should eliminate prejudice/bias • Cons • More emotional, more conflict, weaker critiques • Puts reviewers off
Open Research Evaluation
Open Research Evaluation San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) (2012) • • Move away from journal metrics especially Impact Factor Assess all types of research output on its own merits Peer review Subject differences Explicit criteria for hiring and promoting and grants Make material freely available Evaluation based on content not journal metrics Inclusion of personal/supporting statements
Leiden Manifesto 2015 • Quantitative should support qualitative expert assessment • Mind and nurture the researcher • Subject differences • Assess against goals • Use open research methods • Let researcher verify data and analysis used • Multiple indicators • Scrutinise and re-evaluate Responsible metrics support open research
Things that matter in this space
Licenses • Creative Commons Licenses • Not open unless licensed allows reuse, distribution etc. as long as you are credited min can download and share but no reuse There are others with differing degrees of openness Middle ground between Copyright and no rights Always license your material
Identifiers • In open science environment identifiers crucial • DOI’s …get them from the library • ISBN books…. . get them from the library • ISSN journals…library gets them from the National Library • ORCID ID for researcher • ARK…archival resource key • Urls designed for long term access to information objects, can be digital, physical, humans and groups
Altmetrics • Article/dataset level metrics • Measuring different non-traditional forms of impact • Alternative to only using citations • Altmetrics/PLUMX software tracking tools • Highlights uptake, engagement and impact • Digital tools are being used to communicate
Plum. X • Usage (downloads, views, book holdings, document delivery) • Captures (favourites, bookmarks, saves, readers, groups, watchers) • Mentions (blog posts, news stories, Wikipedia articles, comments, reviews) • Social Media (tweets, likes, shares, ratings) • Citations (WOS, Scopus, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search)
Social Media • Take part, ask and answer questions • Know your audience, talk about other people as well • Be respectful (is you and also your institution) • Assume it is in the public domain (even if starts private!) • Obey the law and protect your IP • Academic standards • Evaluate if it is working for you (shut down rather than abandon) Remember it is not mandatory!!!
Academic Social Networking Sites • Network with peers and share research • Answer questions, create group, share references • Often rank highly in Google • Can upload publications (copyright) • Link to version in Arrow • Reseach. Gate and Academia. edu (free) • https: //www. researchgate. net/, https: //www. academia. edu/ • Can be bought over and shut down
Citizen Science • Non-academics involved in the research process • Data collection, data analysis, volunteer monitoring, distributed computing. • Greater public understanding of the actual science • Activism, advocacy, policy making • Is about openness, inclusion, empowerment, synergy • Powerful measure of impact • European Citizen Science Association 10 principles
The Future?
Hard to call the future • Open Research means different things to different people • access to publications and data is a given • Anything else may be aspirational • Are researchers and Institutions ready to give up the old models? • Responsible metrics are a good thing expensive and impractical to do? Western world well educated population • Technology encourages participation • Open Science needs a support infrastructure
Final Thoughts
Yvonne. desmond@dit. ie Tel: 2205037
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