Open Data and Open Knowledge as Catalysts for

Open Data and Open Knowledge as Catalysts for Growth and Social Changes Anne Kauhanen-Simanainen 12. 2013

Open Data – a Milestone in History towards Open Government in Finland § The World´s First Freedom of Information Act in Sweden-Finland in 1766 § Freedom of writing and the press § The abolishment of political censorship and the gaining of public access to government documents § The principle of publicity has Antti Chydenius since remained central in the (1729 -1803 Nordic countries § (the US Freedom of Information Act in 1966) Finland Osasto § The Act on the Openness of Government Activities (The right to information on government activities) in 1999 § The principle is transparency § The right of the person whose interest or right is in question is more extensive than that of any other party § Restrictions on access: to preparatory information, secrecy only on the basis of an Act § The authorities are obliged to inform the citizens of their activities 2 pp. kk. vvvv

Shaping Open Data Policy in Finland § § The Principle of joint use of information since 1990 s Several working groups by ministries have supplied their proposals (on technical issues, availability, charging policy) High Level Policy Commitment § § Finland 2011 the Finnish Government issued a resolution on enhancing the availability and the re-use of the digital information assets of the public sector. This resolution addresses open data policy, technical and legal means of opening public sector data and measures to stimulate the development on applications and services built on open data resources Improving the PSI availability and reuse is included as a strategic measure in the Government´s program to develop possibilities for new business and innovative services 2012 Public Sector ICT –strategy: Open Government Data one of the main goals 2013 Membership in the Open Governmen Partnership Intitiative. Osasto 3 pp. kk. vvvv

Services, decisions and knowledge from Open Data Answer to the question Open knowledge Content Correctness Quality Reliability Open information Language, concepts Communication Data models Interfaces Open data Metadata Legislation Data protection Data security Finland Open knowledge Value Meaning Currency Intelligibility Usability Visualisation Manner of resentation Concepts Findability Interoperability Access, availability Re-use Osasto Open information Open data Data Catalogues Metadata services Free-of-charge Machine-readable Terms-of-use 4 pp. kk. vvvv

The Principles and Processes on Opening of the Public Sector Data § The public sector data will be opened stage by stage in a systematic way § The principle: The public sector data should, in principle, be provided free of charge § A strong tool: Assessment of the budgetary impact of opening the data is done in the context of the frame budget formulation procedure (for four years). The ministries are instructed to develop their plans to open data as a part of the information architecture work. § Adapting the legislation and practices to comply with the PSI Directive and the Open Data Strategy Finland Osasto 5 pp. kk. vvvv

The Targets of the Open Data Policy § Positive Economic Impact on the society as a whole: new business, more tax income, new innovative services § Increasing Democracy and Promoting Transparency in the society § Improving the Data Quality and the Efficiency of the Public Sector § Versatile sources for Research and Education Finland Osasto 6 pp. kk. vvvv

Creating Value for data and information § Improving government accountability, transparency, responsiveness and democratic control § promoting citizens self-empowerment, social participation and engagement § building the next generation of empowered civil servants § fostering innovation, efficiency and effectiveness in government services § creating value for the wider economy Ubaldi, B. (2013), “Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives”, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 22, OECD Publishing. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1787/5 k 46 bj 4 f 03 s 7 -en Finland Osasto pp. kk. vvvv

Open data and economic growth, research and estimations § EU Commission 2011: § opening public data could bring a total benefit of € 140 billion annually § Research Institute of the Finnish Economy ETLA 2012: § in countries which offer free geodata, the growth of companies using such data has been 15% higher than elsewhere (in two years) Finland Osasto pp. kk. vvvv

An example: geodata § After the National Land Survey had stopped charging the users for the service in 2012, the use of digital geodata multiplied over 50 times in three months, the first application was developed in a month § small companies have employed people to develop applications – new jobs § active developers and skilled companies Finland Osasto pp. kk. vvvv

Innovative applications For example the Stormwind Simulator § http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=v. QEjlqn. P 1 s. A § the winner of the Apps 4 Finland 2013 § Finnish boat simulator, for navigation training and mission simulation using Finnish Open Data § You can make a trip in the Finnish Archipelago Finland Osasto pp. kk. vvvv

Open data and the social changes § it takes more time to see the impact on the social changes and culture § more communication and collaboration between the civil servants, the developers and the citizens, new networks, new channels § circumstances for better decision-making § feedback mechanisms § a new kind of an information and knowledge culture and practices Finland Osasto pp. kk. vvvv

§ § § § Finland What has been done? Some examples 14 Helsinki Region cities and municipalities have an open data portal www. hri. fi, since 2011 Topographic data made available on 1 May 2012: The National Land Survey (NLS) has made its topographic datasets available to the public and to companies to be used freely and free of charge. The weather and climate data by the Finnish Meteorological Institute since 2013 Several Environmental Information Resources since 2008 Digitraffic, real time and historical information and data about the traffic on the Finnish main roads. The service is provided by the Finnish Transport Agency, and it is addressed for organisations developing information services or working with traffic management and planning Several Ministries and government agencies have supported the yearly open data applications and ideas competition Apps 4 Finland (www. apps 4 finland. fi), Research: Several ministries have funded economic and legal studies on policy implications on opening public sector data, i. a. the Research Institute of Finnish Economy (ETLA) studies A research project on linked data by Aalto University. Osasto 12 pp. kk. vvvv

Opening the Data of the Public Sector will go on: Open Knowledge Program 2013 -2015 § § § Finland Developing the practices, such as the general terms of use and licences (Public Administration Recommendation is in the making) Clarifying the present varying practices of the charging according to the principles The Public Sector agencies are asked and guided to evaluate their information resources from the point of view of the Open Data as a part of their information architecture and the frame budget formulation procedure Developing structures and Information Architecture, Common Metadata model for Open Data, Common Public Sector data portal and a test laboratory, Supporting services and training Developing methods to monitor the development and the impacts of Open Data Osasto 13 pp. kk. vvvv

Open Data Program 2013 -2015 The Principles and Criteria Legislation Economy Instructions Structures, Services and Practicies to help the re-use of Open Data National Cooperation and Collaboration Promoting the Re-use of Data Developing Methods to evaluate and monitor Benefits and Risks Finland The Process to Open Data Osasto Education and Training Research, Development and Innovations 14 pp. kk. vvvv

Open Data Policy is based on Collaboration and Learning § § § Finland Collaboration by ministries Activities by agencies: state, municipalities… Competitions, Apps 4 Finland –contest Research, universities and schools Private companies Open Data Communities, NGOs Osasto 15 pp. kk. vvvv

The Government Open Data Services Trensparency and Democracy Markets and Innovations Government Efficiency Users Viranomaiset Kansalaiset Yritykset Tutkijat Yhteisöt . . . Re-users of GOD Developers of Services Developers of Applications Aggregators Interpreters Value Creators Services National Open Data Portal EU Open Data Portal Regional Open Data Portals Hki Tre Oulu . . . Thematic Open Data Portals Geo Traffic . . . Data Resources Government Open Data Finland Osasto Business Open Data Community Open Data . . . Open Data pp. kk. vvvv 16

Systematic Releasing of Data Common Architecture Interoperability, Data and Information Resources, Information Architecture Strategy Goals Stages Evaluation Releasing Data Practical Arrangements Finland Osasto Legislation Publicity Data protection Privacy IPR Data Security 17 pp. kk. vvvv

Challenges § Building the open data and information infrastructure, which should be highly standardized and interoperable and at the same time highly flexible to respond to user needs § Tension between control and innovation (issues relating to legislation, quality of information, economic circumstances, attitudes) § Building Knowledge Culture Finland Osasto 18 pp. kk. vvvv

Open data policy and strategy to develop Finland towards a knowledge society Public data, information and knowledge: open, easily accessible and efficiently for use by citizens, companies, public sector services, decision making and the society. Open Government and sharing of data, information and knowledge. Open, interoperable and standardized information infrastructure and information management Finland Osasto 19 pp. kk. vvvv

Knowledge has always been behind the Finnish Success Stories The birth of a new nation, 19 th century Finland Literacy The beginning of the 20 th century Osasto The re-building after the second World War In the 1950 s Nokia Story The beginning of the 21 st century Will there be a new success story about creating value for data and knowledge In 2010 -2030? 20 pp. kk. vvvv

Thank You! Anne Kauhanen-Simanainen anne. kauhanen-simanainen(at)vm. fi Public Sector ICT http: //www. vm. fi/vm/en/16_ict/index. jsp