Open Access Scholarly Publishing in South Africa The

Open Access Scholarly Publishing in South Africa: The AOSIS Perspective Pierre JT de Villiers, MB, Ch. B, Ph. D Managing Director African Online Scientific Information Systems (AOSIS)

Outline • Context: AOSIS • South African response to OA • Current issues

Scientific Papers Published - 2001

Est. 1999

AOSIS Openjournals - Est 2005 • • Scholarly Publication services - partnering Open Access only (innovator) - CC-BY CPD link Innovations: ▫ ▫ ▫ OJS DOI & Crosscheck e. PUB XML QR codes

AOSIS: Journal growth (N=28) Journals Published per year 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

AOSIS: Journals per discipline (28) Total Journals in 2013 (n=28) Veterinary; 2 Science; 6 Social Sciences; 9 Theology; 4 Health Sciences; 7

Journal ownership SOC 4 UNIV 2 13 8 AOSIS Other

AOSIS: Manuscript growth Submissions vs Published 1600 1400 1200 Manuscripts 1000 800 600 400 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Axis Title Submissions per year Published manuscripts per year 2012 2013

AOSIS Open. Journals -business models N=28 Subsidy & APC 35% Full APC 26% No APC 39%

South Africa – quick facts • Population: 53 m • Size: 2 X France • GNI/C - $7, 190 • Unemployment = 25– 36% • Public universities: 25 • Students at universities = >1 m • Research publications = 10, 056 (2011), 33 rd in world rank • Severe skills shortage, poor basic education

RSA economic growth

Global internet penetration – RSA 49% (85 th)

Government funding for research output - 2013 • Total govt university funding: $2 billion (GDP = $350, 6): o, 57% • “Policy and Procedures for Measurement 0 f Research Output of Public Higher Education Institutions” – 2003 • Block Subsidy: $85 m, (Unit = $10, 500) ▫ Journal articles = 7403 ▫ Books = 331 ▫ Conference Proceedings = 351

“Accredited” journals (262) • 2003 - 2014 ▫ RSA DOE list – application process (202) ▫ ISI (Thompson Reuters Wo. S)/IBSS (60) • 2015 (? ) ▫ ▫ Scielo SA Scopus Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals RSA list = “developmental” (5 years)

Scholarly Journal Publishers Accredited RSA Journals (N = 262) 27% Universities 42% Independents Societies Museums 28%

March 2006 “Report on a Strategic Approach to Research Publishing in South Africa” GOAL: to help develop and maintain a robust national system of innovation that contributes materially to the sustainable prosperity of all South Africa’s people.

2008

ASSAf peer review panels (140) Completed – since 2010 • Agricultural & basic life sciences (19) • Social sciences (12) • Law (24) • Health and related medical sciences (35) • Religion, Theology and related fields (24) In progress • Humanities (28)

Scielo. org. za Est. 2009 Open access, searchable, full-text repository (part of Brazilian system) • RSA journals • Free to participate (tax payer funded) • “High quality” journals = 46/180: (25%) – peer review panels

Institutional support • Berlin Declaration: RSA 14, ROF 22 • Institutional repositories: RSA 24 • Limited APC funds: Univ. Pretoria

DOAJ. org – RSA (n = 262) 2014 80 70 (27%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Business model – SA Journals 2014 Tipping the scale to OA! OA Subs 120; 44% 152; 56%

OA - Late majority phase of innovation

Current issues • Perception of poor quality of OA ü “Science” Sting! ü Journal high-jacking “Bothalia” • Impact Factor “pressure” vs OA encouragement - Govt & Univ • Public-funded institutions taking on publishing roles (universities, scielo? ), against backdrop of higher demands on Fiscus (Govt debt of GDP= 46%) – sustainable?

Thank you! pierre@aosis. co. za www. openjournals. net