OpAmp Parameters Input Bias Current Ideally should be

Op-Amp Parameters Input Bias Current Ideally should be zero The dc current required by the inputs of the amplifier to properly operate the first stage. Is the average of both input currents IB 12 1

Op-Amp Parameters Input Bias Current Range 10 to 100 n. A 1 to 10 p. A for BJT for JFET Reason : It is undesirable voltage drop in the resistors forming feedback network 2

Op-Amp Parameters Input Offset Current (IOS) Is the difference of input bias currents IB 12 Reason : It is due to lack of perfect symmetry in input differential stage 3

Op-Amp Parameters Input Offset Current (IOS) Range 20 to 60 n. A for BJT 4

Op-Amp Parameters n Input Offset Voltage [Vos] n Ideally, output of an op-amp is 0 Volt if the input is 0 Volt. n Realistically, a small dc voltage will appear at the output when no input voltage is applied. n Thus, differential dc voltage is required between the inputs to force the output to zero volts. n This is called the Input Offset Voltage, Vos. 5

Op-Amp Parameters n Input Offset Voltage [Vos] n It is input voltage which must be applied across the input terminals to obtain zero output voltage. n It can be nulled by a external potentiometer. 6

Op-Amp Parameters n Input Offset Voltage [Vos] n Range between 2 m. V to 5 m. V. 7

Op-Amp Parameters Input Offset Current Is the difference of input bias currents Input offset current Offset voltage Thus, error 8

Op-Amp Parameters Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) The ability of amplifier to reject the common-mode signals (unwanted signals) while amplifying the differential signal (desired signal) Ratio of open-loop gain, Adm to common-mode gain, Acm The open-loop gain is a datasheet value n The higher the CMRR, the better, in which the open-loop gain is high and common-mode gain is low. 9

Op-Amp Parameters Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) n n CMRR is usually expressed in d. B Range 60 to 100 d. B 10

Op-Amp Parameters Common-Mode Input Voltage It is the maximum range of input voltage that can be simultaneously applied to both inputs without causing cut off or saturation of amplifier stages. The range of input voltages which, when applied to both inputs, will not cause clipping or other output distortion. 11

Op-Amp Parameters Difference -Mode Input Voltage It is the maximum range of differential signal voltage that can be safely applied to the Op. Amp input signal. 12

Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio (SVRR) One of the reasons Op. Amps are so useful, is that they can be operated from a wide variety of power supply voltages. The 741 op amp can be operated from bipolar supplies ranging from 5 V to 18 V without too many changes to the parameters of the op amp.

Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio The supply voltage rejection ratio (SVRR) refers to the slight change in input offset voltage per volt change in power supply of the opamp. SVRR = VOS / VCC) Range 10 -5 to 7 10 -5

Op-Amp Parameters Input Impedance Is the total resistance between the inverting and non-inverting inputs. Differential input impedance : total resistance between the inverting and non-inverting inputs Common-mode input impedance: total resistance between each input and ground Range 100 k to 1 M 15

Op-Amp Parameters Output Impedance Ideally should be zero Is the resistance viewed from the output terminal of the op- amp. In reality, it is non-zero. Range 40 k to 100 16

Op-Amp Parameters Slew Rate Is the maximum rate of change of the output voltage in response to a step input voltage. 17

Op-Amp Parameters Slew Rate It’s a measure of how fast the output can “follow” the input signal. Range 50 m. V/ Sec to 500 m. V/ Sec 18

Op-Amp Parameters Example Determine the slew rate: 19

Output Voltage Swing Max p-p output which can be obtain without waveform clipping Range 50 to 80 % of supply voltage It depends on supply voltage This parameters is useful in switching application.

Maximum Output Voltage Swing

Unity Gain bandwidth In practice, the voltage gain decrease at high frequency. The frequency at which the open loop voltage gain becomes equal to Unity Gain bandwidth. Range 1 to 20 MHz

Unity Gain bandwidth Frequency at which the open loop voltage gain becomes equal to unity Range 1 to 20 MHz

Full power bandwidth The maximum frequency over which the full output voltage swing can be obtained.

Overload Recovery time It is time required for the output stage to return to active region when drives to active hard saturation. It depends upon the degree of overload and feedback impedance.

Slew Rate at Unity Gain

VE = VIN+ - VINVIN- VIN+ VOUT = a * VE

Input Offset Voltage

Input Current

Input Common Mode Voltage Range VICR - Average voltage at the inverting and noninverting input pins

Differential Input Voltage Range Absolute Maximum Rating