Op TIMUS communi ty water land use representation

Op. TIMUS. communi ty water & land use representation in the template CLEW model

Session Overview 1. Representation of water supply and demand 2. Incorporation of land use in the CLEW model 3. Incorporation of climate 4. Overview of water, land use “technologies” and of their inter-relations in terms of inputs and outputs 5. Differentiating water, land use, climate and energy “technologies”: • parameters used and their meaning • units used in the model (parameters and variables) • Input and output activity ratios 10/3/2020 Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 2

Energy system diagram Note that interactions with water and land use technologies and commodities is not included in this diagram. 10/3/2020 Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 3

energy sector model structure Primary Energy Supply Domestic extraction Renewable resources Energy imports Energy exports 10/3/2020 Energy Transformation Fossil fuels Renewable fuels Power sector Oil Refinery Fuels Biofuel production Electricity Refined products Renewable fuels Final energy demand Agricultural sector Fuel demand Commercial sector Fuel demand Industrial sector Fuel demand Residential sector Fuel demand Transport sector Fuel demand Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 4

water systems model structure supply • Precipitation • Surface water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) • Groundwater (aquifers) • Seawater desalination 10/3/2020 final demand • • • Domestic supply Agriculture / irrigation Industry Power sector – cooling Environmental services Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 5

CLEW template model: Water & land use 10/3/2020 Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 6

CLEW template model: water system • Standardized model structure • Customizable to country data • Structure customizable for country water flows and account for climate variability • Water system represented in a compact manner • Simplified water demand representation • demand projections based on selected drivers • demand represented by sector, and, for residential supply split between urban and rural • Simplified water availability and supply representation • Diverse source expressed as a single entity

Water system in the model structure: inputs & outputs Water supply Annual Precipitation Groundwater Surface water Water extraction precipitation Groundwater recharge Run-off Surface water pumping Surface water Groundwater pumping Irrigation & sectoral water Final Water demand Industrial sector water demand Commercial sector Water demand Residential Rural sector Water demand Residential Urban sector Environmental Flow Water demand

Water demands • Commercial water demand COMELEC: Electricity used in the commercial sector DEMCOMWAT : Water used in commercial sector COMWAT: Water used in the commercial sector WATNAG: Water for Non Agricultural purposes 10/3/2020 Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH Surface water 9

Water demands • Industrial water demand COMELEC: Electricity used in the commercial sector WATNAG: Water for Non Agricultural purposes 10/3/2020 INDWAT: Water used in the industrial sector DEMINDWAT : Water used in commercial sector WATSUR: Surface water Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 10

Water demands • Power Sector water demand COMELEC: Electricity used in the commercial sector DEMPWRWAT : Water used in commercial sector PWRWAT: Water used in the Power sector WATNAG: Water for Non Agricultural purposes 10/3/2020 Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 11

Water demands • Transformation Sector water demand COMELEC: Electricity used in the commercial sector WATNAG: Water for Non Agricultural purposes 10/3/2020 DEMUPSWAT : Water used in transformation sector UPSWAT: Water used in the transformation sector Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 12

Water demands • Rural Residential water demand RESWATR: Rural Residential water demand WATNAG: Water for Non Agricultural purposes DEMRESWAT 1 : Water used in Residential sector Rural WATSUR: Surface water 10/3/2020 Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 13

Water demands • Urban Residential water demand COMELEC: Electricity used in the commercial sector WATNAG: Water for Non Agricultural purposes 10/3/2020 DEMRESWAT 2 : Water used in Residential sector Rural RESWATU: Urban Residential water demand WATSUR: Surface water Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 14

Water demands • Urban Residential water demand WATSUR: Surface water 10/3/2020 WATENV 001 : Water environmental flows WATENV: Environmental water flows Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 15

CLEW template model: land use system • Standardized model structure • Customizable to country data (land shares and crop selection) • Structure customizable to represent a selected number of land classes (up to 3 cultivated land classes, subject to different water use) • Simplified demand representation of land use and agriculture production • Production from selected crops driven by different factors (e. g. crop consumption per capita) • Simplified crop production representation based on water availability and climate • Consideration of rain-fed and irrigated crops and difference in yields

Land use representations Crop 1 Irrigated Agricultural Land Stock Crop 1 Rain fed Crop 2 Irrigated Crop 2 Rain fed Land Resource Forests Crop 3 Irrigated Crop 3 Rain fed Other Land (includes built up areas) Crop 4 Irrigated Crop 4 Rain fed Permanent Meadows and Pastures 10/3/2020 Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH 17

Land use representations • Rain fed Crop Energy inputs Diesel used in agriculture Gasoline used in agriculture LPG used in agriculture water inputs land inputs 10/3/2020 Water from Precipitation Land Resource Evapotranspiration Rainfed Crop Ground Water Recharge water outputs Runoff Crop Yield Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH land output 18

Land use representations • Irrigated Crop Energy inputs water inputs Land inputs 10/3/2020 Diesel used in agriculture Gasoline used in agriculture LPG used in agriculture Water from Irrigation Water from Precipitation Evapotranspiration Irrigated Crop Ground Water Recharge water outputs Runoff Crop Yield Land Resource Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH land output 19

ENERGY: List of sectors, commodities and abbreviations Sector name Sector abbreviation Commodity name Commodity abbreviation Commodity name Agriculture AGR Biomass BIO Kerosene Commerce COM Charcoal CHC Liquid petroleum gas LPG Industry IND Coal COA Natural gas Power PWR Crude oil CRU Other hydro carbons OHC Residential RES Diesel DSL Petroleum coke PCK Transformation UPS Geothermal GEO Solar energy SOL Transport TRA Gasoline GSL Uranium URN Heat HET Waste WAS Fuel Oil HFO Wind energy WND Hydro HYD Notable exception: Electricity before transmission (ELC 001) and after transmission (ELC 002) Commodity abbreviation KER NGS

Water and Land Use: List of sectors, commodities and abbreviations Sector name Sector abbreviation Commodity name Commodity abbreviation Commodity name Agriculture AGR WATSUR Surface water PWRWAT Commerce COM AGRWAT Water used in agriculture RESWATR Industry IND AGRELC Power PWR COMELC Residential RES WATNAG COMWAT INDWAT agriculture electricity demand (includes fishing) Electricity used in the commercial sector Water for nonagricultural uses Water used in commercial sector Water used in industrial sector RESWATU UPSWAT LND Commodity abbreviation Water used in power sector Water used in residential sector rural Water used in residential sector urban Water used in transformation sector Land LNDAGR Agricultural land AGRDSL Diesel used in agriculture

Water and Land Use: List of sectors, commodities and abbreviations Commodity name Commodity abbreviation Gasoline used in agriculture LPG used in agriculture CRP 002 Crop 2 CRP 003 Crop 3 WATPRC Precipitation water CRP 004 Crop 4 WATEVT Evapotranspiration LNDFOR Forested land WATGRD Groundwater recharge LNDMPA Permanent meadows and pastures WATRUN Runoff water LNDOTH Other land Crop 1 WATENV Environmental water flow AGRGSL AGRLPG CRP 001 Commodity name Commodity abbreviation

Hydrological cycle Source: California Ag Water Stewardship Initiative 23

Example - Water balance in a maize field Inputs Outputs Ø Precipitation Ø Groundwater Ø Irrigation Ø Runoff Ø Energy Ø Evapotranspiration Ø Crop production 24

Example – Material flows in a maize field Let’s take the example of 1 kha of irrigated corn field. During a period of one year, the farmer estimated the following flows on this piece of land. In terms of water inputs: • 18. 3 million m 3 as precipitation and 5. 4 million m 3 as irrigation. In terms of water outputs • 16. 7 million m 3 are lost as evapotranspiration, 3 million m 3 to groundwater reservoirs and 4 million m 3 as runoff. Energy requirements to operate various pieces of machinery include: • 228 GJ of diesel, 24 GJ of gasoline and 25 GJ of LPG. Finally, the annual crop yield of this land amounts to 2, 080 tonnes of maize. 25

Example – Material flows in a maize field Water Inputs ✓ 18. 3 million m 3 as precipitation ✓ 5. 4 million m 3 as irrigation Energy Inputs ✓ 228 GJ diesel ✓ 24 GJ gasoline ✓ 25 GJ LPG 1000 ha of land Water Outputs ✓ 16. 7 million m 3 as ET ✓ 3 million m 3 to groundwater ✓ 4 million m 3 as runoff Crop Yield ✓ 2, 080 tonnes of maize 26

CLEW template model: diagram of the water & land use representation Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development 12 -30 June 2017, ICTP, Trieste. Organizers: UNDESA, UNDP, ICTP, Cambridge University, KTH