Onto Viz Tab XML Tab RDF Backend Flora

Onto. Viz Tab; XML Tab; RDF Backend; Flora Query Tab; OIL Support; Protégé-related Projects at DFKI Michael Sintek SMI & DFKI Gmb. H Kaiserslautern http: //www. dfki. uni-kl. de/~sintek/ sintek@dfki. de 5 th Intl. Protégé Workshop Newcastle, 16 -18 July, 2001 © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H --

Overview • Onto. Viz Tab: ontology visualization • XML Tab: importing and exporting XML data • RDF Backend • Flora Query Tab: querying with F-Logic • OIL Support • Protégé-related Projects at DFKI © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -2 -

The Onto. Viz Tab Visualization of Protégé-2000 Ontologies © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H --

Onto. Viz. . . • is a tab for visualizing Protégé-2000 ontologies • can also be used to visualize ontology parts and instances • can display slots and slot edges • is highly configurable, e. g. : • specify vicinity of classes/instances via “closure operators” like subclasses, superclasses, reachable frames, . . . • colors of nodes and edges © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -4 -

Onto. Viz: Installation • Onto. Viz uses the open source Graphviz tool from AT&T which must be installed separately (available for Windows and Unixes) • the path to the Graphviz tool must be specified as an entry in Protégé’s protege. properties file • use Project | Configure. . . | Tab Widgets to activate the Onto. Viz tab in a project • see the README which is part of the distribution for full details © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -5 -

Onto. Viz: A Simple Example click on “C” button to create graph © 2001

Onto. Viz: Configuration configuration on a per class/instance basis show class Content show subclasses

Onto. Viz: Configuration of Individual Classes and Instances • Options for configuring individual classes and instances • • sub sup slx isx slt sle ins sys subclass closure superclass closure slot extension inverse slot extension slots slot edges instances system frames © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -8 -

Onto. Viz: Configuration of Individual Slots • Options for configuring individual classes and instances • • sub sup slx isx slt sle ins sys configuration of color (and direction) of slot edges subclass closure superclass closure slot extension inverse slot extension slots slot edges instances system frames © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -9 -

Onto. Viz: Global Options © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -10 -

Protégé’s XML Tab Importing and Exporting XML Data © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H --

A Very Short Introduction to XML • XML is used to model (semi-)structured data: tag name attribute <Customer id=“ 1234”> <Name> <First. Name>Bill</First. Name> <Last. Name>Buckram</Last. Name> </Name> <Cardnum>234. . . </Cardnum> </Customer> • <tag>. . . </tag> is called element • <tag/> is a self-closing element (equivalent to <tag></tag>) © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -12 -

XML Import Strategy • tag/element names become class names, except “leaves” which become slots • example: <Customer> <Name> <First. Name>Bill</First. Name> <Last. Name>Buckram</Last. Name> </Name> <Cardnum>234. . . </Cardnum> </Customer> © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -13 -

Example (Import): Book Order © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -14 -

XML Export Strategy • instances: • unreferenced instances become top level elements (cyclic references are handled) • classes and slots become tag names • objects that are referenced more than once are shared/reused with id/idref • ontology: • as simple XML tree, RDF schema, XOL, … (future work) © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -15 -

Example (Export): Newspaper Instances © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -16 -

Example: Newspaper Ontology As XML Tree © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -17 -

Protégé’s RDF[S] Backend Importing and Exporting RDF Schema Ontologies and RDF Instance Data ©

A Very Short Introduction to RDF • RDF = Resource Description Framework • RDFS = RDF Schema: class and property definitions (ontology) • RDF model = directed graph = set of statements of the form <subject, predicate, object> where subject, predicate, and objects are resources (objects can also be literals) • Example: <http: //. . . /Lassila, Creator, “Ora Lassila”> • RDF in XML syntax: <rdf: RDF> <rdf: Description about="http: //www. w 3. org/Home/Lassila"> <s: Creator>Ora Lassila</s: Creator> </rdf: Description> </rdf: RDF> © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -19 -

RDF[S] Backend: Overview • allows import and export of RDF[S] knowledge bases • can be used as an alternative to the standard text backend • Protégé-specific extensions (allow full round trip) • plain RDF[S] also supported • full namespace and namespace abbreviation support (included projects may have different namespaces) • uses Sergey Melnik’s rdf-api tool which is used by most Java-based RDF applications © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -20 -

RDF[S] Backend: Example © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -21 -

RDF[S] Backend: Example • Classes and properties (RDFS file): . . . <rdfs: Class rdf: about="&mv; Motor. Vehicle"> <rdfs: sub. Class. Of rdf: resource="&rdfs; Resource"/> </rdfs: Class> <rdfs: Class rdf: about="&mv; Mini. Van"> <rdfs: sub. Class. Of rdf: resource="&mv; Passenger. Vehicle"/> <rdfs: sub. Class. Of rdf: resource="&mv; Van"/> </rdfs: Class> <rdf: Property rdf: about="&mv; registered. To” a: max. Cardinality="1"> <rdfs: domain rdf: resource="&mv; Motor. Vehicle"/> <rdfs: range rdf: resource="&mv; Person"/> </rdf: Property>. . . © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -22 -

RDF[S] Backend: Example • Instances (RDF file): <? xml version='1. 0' encoding='ISO-8859 -1'? > <!DOCTYPE rdf: RDF [ <!ENTITY rdf 'http: //www. w 3. org/1999/02/22 -rdf-syntax-ns#'> <!ENTITY mv 'http: //protege. stanford. edu/mv#'> ]> <rdf: RDF xmlns: rdf="&rdf; ” xmlns: mv="&mv; "> <mv: Truck rdf: about="&mv; test 3_INSTANCE_00003"> <mv: registered. To rdf: resource="&mv; test 3_INSTANCE_00004"/> </mv: Truck> <mv: Person rdf: about="&mv; test 3_INSTANCE_00004” mv: name="Ora Lassila"/> </rdf: RDF> © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -23 -

The Flora Query Tab Querying Protégé-2000 With F-Logic © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H --

Flora Query Tab • Flora is an XSB-based F-Logic (Frame Logic) • Protégé knowledge base is exported as F-Logic program (including axioms and queries) • precompiled queries can now be executed in an XSB/Flora “sub-process” • list of answers is shown in Protégé (if answers are instances) • can also be used to model constraints (queries must/must not fail if knowledge base is consistent/inconsistent) © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -25 -

Flora Query Tab: Simple Example query run query results Flora interaction © 2001 DFKI

Flora Query Tab: Transformation of Protégé Classes and Instances Into F-Logic • classes: subclass of type 'Newspaper': : ': THING'['Prototype'=>'Prototype_Newspaper'; 'Contents'=>>'Content'; 'Date'=>string; =>, -> number_of_pages=>integer]. =>>, ->> • instances: instance of single valued multiple valued values instance_00083: 'Newspaper'['Contents’->>{instance_00035, instance_. . . , . . . }; 'Prototype'->instance_00078; number_of_pages->148; 'Date'->'08/23/97']. © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -27 -

Flora Query Tab: Parameters and Axioms parameter axioms © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -28

Protégé’s OIL Support Modeling OIL Ontologies with Protégé-2000 © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H --

Protégé’s OIL Support: Overview • • OIL = ontology inference layer • ontologies defined via class expression inclusions and equalities • class expressions are built with logical connectives (and, or, not) and slot restrictions (exists, forall, cardinality restrictions) • axioms: disjoint, disjoint cover etc. Protégé’s OIL support: • Protégé’s way to define ontologies for normal cases • metaclasses/metaslots allow complicated expressions • special widgets for displaying OIL expressions (future version: also for editing) • connects to Fa. CT description logic classifier for classification and satisfiability checking • generates SHIQ La. Te. X output © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -30 -

Supported Subset of OIL • Protégé supports the following subset of OIL: • class definitions with subclass and slot constraints (property restrictions) with • class expressions: and, or, not, class[names], slot constraints, top, and bottom • slot constraints: has-value, value-type, max-cardinality, min-cardinality, cardinality • missing: concrete-type-exp, filler-exp • slot definitions: • subslot-of, inverse (using Protégé's inverse slot mechanism), domain, range • properties (transitive, symmetric, functional) • global axioms (disjoint, covered, disjoint-covered, equivalent) • missing: instance-of, related © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -31 -

Protégé as OIL-Editor: Example class hierarchy not completely modeled complex expressions (shown with special

Protégé as OIL-Editor: Example start classification with Fa. CT “giraffe is a herbivore” “tasty-plant

Protégé as OIL-Editor: Example lion and giraffe are now correctly classified © 2001 DFKI

Protégé as OIL Editor: SHIQ La. Te. X Output © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H

Protégé-2000 -related Projects at DFKI (German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence) © 2001 DFKI

DFKI is based in Kaiserslautern and Saarbrücken Kaiserslautern Site Saarbrücken Site DFKI Gmb. H Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße D-67608 Kaiserslautern DFKI Gmb. H Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3 D-66123 Saarbrücken Tel. : 0631 205 3214 Fax. : 0631 205 3210 email: info@dfki. uni-kl. de Tel. : 0681 302 5252 Fax. : 0681 302 5341 email: info@dfki. de © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -37 -

Protégé-2000 -related Projects at DFKI Kaiserslautern • FRODO • “RDF Actions”: Protégé as ontology

FRODO • A Framework for Distributed Organizational Memories • http: //www. dfki. uni-kl. de/frodo/ • funded by bmb+f (German government) • topics: • context support and process-knowledge evolution based on weakly structured workflows • scalability and cooperation between distributed OM societies • information support by integrated formal / informal reasoning on multiple sources • Protégé-2000 used • to model ontologies (goal: building up shared conceptualizations!) • as knowledge base backend • to import/export RDF[S] © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -39 -

FRODO: RDF Actions • Goal: use Protégé-2000 as ontology/kb server • communication with foreign software components (agents) via RDF messages • RDF Actions: send actions like “create class”, “attach slot” etc. to build up kbs (future version: queries) • Protégé-2000 was used to model most of its own API calls; actions are instances of this ontology • RDF[S] backend used to interpret these actions © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -40 -

RDF Actions: System Architecture Protégé-2000 Foreign Software Components, Agents Action. Tab Project (without GUI) Action. Machine Protégé API Project Protégé API Port Action Ontology (RDFS) Actions/Messages (RDF) TCP/IP © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -41 -

RDF Actions Ontology © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -42 -

RDF Actions: Instances © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -43 -

FRODO: Music Ontology • ongoing master’s theses • internet portal for music • music ontology for navigation and as background knowledge to enhance search process • since the ontology is expected to be quite stable, it is exported as RDFS file and imported from the portal software © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -44 -

FRODO: Music Ontology © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -45 -

Know. Work • bmb+f project (German government) • knowledge management for construction, production, and (technical) sales (area: mechanical engineering) • Protégé used to model various ontologies: • information ontology • classes for documents (invoice, cad drawing, . . . ) • organizational ontology • company organization structure • processes • domain ontology (products etc. ) © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -46 -

Protégé Modeling of Frequency Converters in the CLOCKWORK Project* DFKI: H. Boley, A. Bernardi, D. Höh, A. Mlik, S. Pollmann ELOTHERM: D. Stahl, R, Jürgens, A. Seitzer *Creating Learning Organisations with Contextualised Knowledge-rich WORK artefacts © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H --

CEDAR Protégé-2000 Ontology modeling meta data Word-processor-based reports X M L repository Maintenance Report <? xml version="1. 0"? > <service-instance> converter Checked fuses Changed fuse of C-Generator thesau- Annotated rus HTML document publishing <rdf: RDF>. . . </rdf: RDF> <machine type="222 B"> <generator type="C 30" fault="fuse. C"/> <filter/> </machine> <repair replace="fuse. C"/> </service-instance> stylesheets Database queries FRODO agents Formatted relational data Retrieval and inference © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -49 -

Free-text Taxonomy: Design • For indexing free texts of ELOTHERM´s engineers reports, we build a taxonomy • Problem: Free texts contain many synonyms (homonyms etc. ) for which standard terms (disambiguated etc. ) must be introduced • Solution: Synonyms linked to taxonomy of standard terms used as an index for the reports © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -50 -

Free-text Taxonomy: Realization • Knowledge acquisition via Protégé • Taxonomy consists of class hierarchy, slots, and instances • Working on association of freetext taxonomy with machine model (partonomy plus error hierarchy) © 2001 DFKI Gmb. H -51 -