Ongoing industrialization and WWI quickened the crumbling of

• Ongoing industrialization and WWI quickened the crumbling of the “Old Order” – it had staggered imaginations and left traditional values open to question • New intellectual and artistic (and scientific, political…) trends sought to fill the void; since the “rules” had been smashed, experimentation became the norm… • This created an atmosphere of relativism…many sought refuge in extremism… • This process began before the war…

• The theme of relativism extended into all parts of society, and Existentialism continued to be the driving force… – – – Life has no absolute meaning… Individuals are accountable to themselves… There is no god… There is no absolute morality… All that awaits us the void… There are no rules total freedom and experimentation…

Freud… • • Psychoanalysis Id, Ego, Super Ego Oedipus Complex The Interpretation of Dreams • Freudian slips… • More confusion…

Themes in Early Modern Art 1. Uncertainty/insecurity. 2. Disillusionment. 3. The subconscious. 4. Overt sexuality. 5. Violence & savagery.

Edvard Munch: The Scream (1893) Expressionism § Using bright colors to express a particular emotion.

Franz Marc: Animal Destinies (1913)

Wassily Kandinsky: On White II (1923)

Gustav Klimt: Judith I (1901) Secessionists § Disrupt the conservative values of Viennese society. § Obsessed with the self. § Man is a sexual being, leaning toward despair.

Gustav Klimt: Wrogie sily (1901)

Gustav Klimt: The Kiss (1907 -8)

Gustav Klimt: Danae (1907 -8)

Henri Matisse: Carmelina (1903) FAUVE § The use of intense colors in a violent, and uncontrolled way. § “Wild Beast. ”

Henri Matisse: Open Window (1905)

Georges Braque: Violin & Candlestick (1910) CUBISM § The subject matter is broken down, analyzed, and reassembled in abstract form. § Cezanne The artist should treat nature in terms of the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone.

Georges Braque: Woman with a Guitar (1913)

Georges Braque: Still Life: Le. Jeur (1929)

Pablo Picasso: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907)

Picasso: Studio with Plaster Head (1925)

Pablo Picasso: Woman with a Flower (1932)

Paul Klee: Red & White Domes (1914)

Paul Klee: Senecio (1922)

George Grosz Grey Day (1921) Da. Da § Ridiculed contemporary culture & traditional art forms. § The collapse during WW I of social and moral values. § Nihilistic.

George Grosz: Daum Marries Her Pedantic Automaton George in May, 1920, John Heartfield is Very Glad of II (1919 -1920)

George Grosz The Pillars of Society (1926)

Raoul Hausmann: ABCD (1924 -25)

Marcel Duchamp: Fountain (1917)

Marcel Duchamp: Nude Descending a Staircase (1912)

Salvador Dali: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War), 1936 Surrealism § Late 1920 s-1940 s. § Came from the nihilistic genre of Da. § Influenced by Feud’s theories on psychoanalysis and the subconscious. § Confusing & startling images like those in dreams.

Salvador Dali: The Persistence of Memory (1931)

Salvador Dali: The Apparition of the Face and Fruit Dish on a Beach (1938)

Salvador Dali: Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of a New Man (1943)

Surrealism • James Joyce - Ulysses • “Stream of Consciousness”

I was thinking of so many things he didnt know of Mulvey and Mr Stanhope and Hester and father and old captain Groves and the sailors playing all birds fly and I say stoop and washing up dishes they called it on the pier and the sentry in front of the governors house with the thing round his white helmet poor devil half roasted and the Spanish girls laughing in their shawls and their tall combs and the auctions in the morning the Greeks and the jews and the Arabs and the devil knows who else from all the ends of Europe and Duke street and the fowl market all clucking outside Larby Sharons and the poor donkeys slipping half asleep and the vague fellows in the cloaks asleep in the shade on the steps and the big wheels of the carts of the bulls and the old castle thousands of years old yes and those handsome Moors all in white and turbans like kings asking you to sit down in their little bit of a shop and Ronda with the old windows of the posadas 2 glancing eyes a lattice hid for her lover to kiss the iron and the wineshops half open at night and the castanets and the night we missed the boat at Algeciras the watchman going about serene with his lamp and O that awful deepdown torrent O and the sea crimson sometimes like fire and the glorious sunsets and the figtrees in the Alameda gardens yes and all the queer little streets and the pink and blue and yellow houses and the rosegardens and the jessamine and geraniums and cactuses and Gibraltar as a girl where I was a Flower of the mountain yes when I put the rose in my hair like the Andalusian girls used or shall I wear a red yes and how he kissed me under the Moorish wall and I thought well as well him as another and then I asked him with my eyes to ask again yes and then he asked me would I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.

MUSIC…

FILM…