On Sept 1 1939 German troops invade Poland

On Sept. 1, 1939 German troops invade Poland World War II begins… World War II 1939 -1945

The Butterfly The last, the very last, So richly, brightly, dazzlingly yellow. Perhaps if the sun’s tears would sing against a white stone. . Such, such a yellow Is carried lightly ’way up high. It went away I’m sure because it wished to kiss the world goodbye. For seven weeks I’ve lived in here, Penned up inside this ghetto. But I have found what I love here. The dandelions call to me And the white chestnut branches in the court. Only I never saw another butterfly. That butterfly was the last one. Butterflies don’t live in here, in the ghetto.

In Nazi Germany, what percentage of the people were Perpetrators, Bystanders, & Rescuers? (take a guess) Rescuers - 4% *Approximate Perpetrators – 9% Values Bystanders – 85%

What can we learn from this? *Approximate Values Rescuers 4% Perpetrators – 9% Bystanders – 85%

"First They Came for the Jews" By Pastor Niemoller First they came for the Jews and I did not speak out because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the Communists and I did not speak out because I was not a Communist. Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak out for me.

WWII Alliances What were the major alliances? • AXIS POWERS • ALLIED POWERS 1) Britain 1) Germany 2) France 2) Italy 3) Japan Tripartite Pact Russia enters when Hitler violates Non-Aggression Pact (1941)! United States declares neutrality until 1941

Nazi Europe ~ 1942

Early Axis Victories • Blitzkrieg – Lightning War – air and ground warfare (coordinated w/great speed!)

Battle of Britain: "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin. . . ” “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. ” - Winston Churchill, June ‘ 40 http: //www. primaryhomeworkhelp. co. uk/war/blitz. htm http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm? guid. Asset. Id=88 C 8 A 852 -9 FAF-4807 A 6 BE-31 C 0 F 0 AEDA 56&bln. From. Search=1&productcode=US

The London Blitz - 1940 • Bombs dropped from Sept – May • 11 consecutive weeks (London) • 37, 000 die; 87, 000 injured • 2 million houses destroyed • Blackouts • Underground Shelters

At a London railway station, arriving troops pass by children who are being evacuated to the countryside.

Firefighters at work in a bomb damaged street after a Sat. night raid in 1941.

The British need something… FUNDS! $$$$$$$$

Lend-Lease Act March, 1941 The Great Arsenal of Democracy "Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire. . . I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it. ". . . I don't want $15 --I want my garden hose back after the fire is over. "

Hitler’s plans in Russia (1941): Non-aggression pact? What NATURAL advantage does Russia have for defense? § Invasion of Russia (1941) § Progress until winter sets is… § Troops unprepared for cold § Battle of Stalingrad (1942) § Again, progress until hunger/cold set in § German armies retreat west § I million Soviets die in defense of city

What was the state of Europe by 1941? Turning Points: Japanese Bomb Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Should the United States declare war?

F. D. R. (December 8, 1941) • U. S. signs Declaration of War against Japan • Germany & Italy declare war on the U. S.

Japanese Awaiting Relocation April, ‘ 42

Gila River Camp, Arizona. Credit: Wartime Relocation Authority

D-Day ~ June 6, 1944

A Review… 1. (MON. ): How was the war fought in Europe? 2. (TUES. ): What role did Japan play in WWII? 3. (WED. ): How did WWII end?

APRIL 1945 • Mussolini and mistress hung after being shot • Put on public display (Milan)

APRIL 1945 Hitler commits suicide *May 7, 1945 Germany surrenders*

“V-E Day” May 8, 1945 Londoners Celebrate!

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

V-J Day – Times Square Aug 14, ’ 45 – Japanese surrender

Atlantic Charter (Aug, ’ 41) A joint proclamation by US and Britain

The Aftermath of War How was the world affected by WWII? What do we do now?

United Nations (1945) World Organization To encourage international cooperation and prevent war!

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind… Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest… Article 13: Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought/religion Article 20: Everyone has the right to freedom of assembly Article 21: Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country…— United Nations, December 10, 1948

The Holocaust: Liberation What issues must surviving victims face? • Displaced persons • Broken families • Health • Trauma • Reconciliation • Justice

Nuremberg War Crimes Trials Nov. , ‘ 45

What do we do with Germany? WEST GERMANY (British, French, U. S. control) EAST GERMANY (SOVIET CONTROL) Russian Buffer Zone?

Post WWII ~ Economic Recoveries U. S. Financial Support JAPAN (Democratic Parliament) REMOVED HIROHITO! (SYMBOL of STATE) West Germany

WWII ~ Effects Increase in Nationalism! AFRICA INDIA WHY?

Effects: • Hiroshima – Aug 6, 1945 – 70, 000 die immediately – 100, 000’s die from radiation (poisoning/cancer) – 48, 000 buildings destroyed • Nagasaki – Aug 9, 1945 – 40, 000 die immediately – 60, 000 injured – 100, 000’s die from radiation

In the Pacific war continues… The Manhattan Project Development of the Atomic Bomb Los Alamos, NM Why did President Truman decide to drop the bomb on Japan?

U. S. Marines on Mount Surbachi, Iwo Jima Feb 1945