OLEOCHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sharifah Zati Hanani Syed Zuber sharifahzatiunimap

OLEOCHEMICAL PRODUCTS Sharifah Zati Hanani Syed Zuber sharifahzati@unimap. edu. my

Oleochemicals • Oleochemicals: chemicals derived from plant and animal fats. • - 5 basic oleochemical substances: Fatty acids Methyl ester (other alkyl) Fatty alcohol Fatty amines Glycerin/ glycerol

Oleochemicals

Oleochemicals • 3 important process in oleochemical to obtain oleochemical substances: -Hydrolisis/ splitting -Transesterification -Hydrogenation

Hydrolisis/ splitting • The splitting/ hydrolisis of triglycerides produces fatty acids and glycerols

Hydrolisis/ splitting • Can be done using : - enzymatic reaction - Using strong base such as Na. OH (saponification) - High temperature and high pressure

Transesterification • Fats react with alcohol to produce glycerol and fatty acid ester • Usually methanol is used to obtain fatty acid methyl esters • Acid/ base catalyzed (KOH is normally the catalyst)

Transesterification

Hydrogenation • Fatty acids or fatty ester from hydrolisis and transesterification could undergo hydrogenation • Fatty acid could be hydrogenated to give fatty alcohol Note: fatty amine is produced by amination reaction of fatty acid

Fatty acid • Fatty Acid: carboxylic acid which long aliphatic chain which either unsaturated or saturated fat • Example of fatty acid: stearic acids

Fatty acid Reaction with Sulfur Palm Oil & Sulfur chlorides Reaction with Coconut Oil Cl- & NH 3 Inedibile Animal Fats -sulfonylation Polymerization Fish Oils Cutting oils, special lubrucants, rolling oils Fatty Amines -sulfo fatty acid Polymer Fatty Acid Corn Oil Cottonseed Oil Vegetable Oil Soybean Oil Esterification Oxidation Hydrogenolysis Salt formation Fatty Ester Nonamethylene diamine, Undecy acid Fatty Alcohol Soap

Oleochemicals • Oleochemicals: chemicals derived from plant and animal fats. • - 5 basic oleochemical substances: Fatty acids Methyl ester (other alkyl) Fatty alcohol Fatty amines Glycerin/ glycerol

Methyl Ester • Derive from transesterification of fat with methanol

Methyl Ester • Can be derived from esterification of fatty acid with methanol

Methyl Ester • Methyl ester has been use in industry in the production of: - Alkanolamide - Fatty alcohol - Isopropyl ester - Sucrose polyester - Moderate chain tryglicerol

Methyl Ester • Alkanolamide - Uses: widely used in detergent industry - Slightly soluble in water - When incorporated in powder synthetic detergent, helps in cleansing soil particles