OLED Siu Yuen Steven Donoso 5 7 14

OLED Siu Yuen Steven Donoso 5 -7 -14 Abstract: An OLED is not just an LED that uses organic material, it is superior to LED in several ways. To begin with it is lighter, thinner, brighter, and has lower power consumption. The major drawbacks right now are the cost of manufacturing and lifespan of the device. However, in the near future these problems will be resolved. 1

Outline � Introduction ◦ History of OLED & Device Structure � Displays: ◦ Advantages & Disadvantages � Lighting: ◦ OLED vs. LCD/LED OLED vs. Conventional Bulbs Advantages & Disadvantages � Future Applications � Conclusion � References � 5 Key Concepts � Questions 2

History of OLED 3

How it Works 4

Manufacturing Processes � Vacuum ◦ Uses vacuum to heat up and evaporate the organic material and have it condense into film on a cool substrate. � Organic ◦ vapor phase deposition (OVPD) Low pressure, hot-walled reactor chamber using carrier gas to carry the evaporated organic material to a cool substrate to condense into film. � Inkjet ◦ thermal evaporation (VTE) printing Spray the organic materials as film on the substrate. 5

Manufacturing Processes � Dimensions �Red (625 nm) and green (530 nm) diodes, and blue diodes (430 nm). � Lifespan ◦ From 40 K-100 K hrs. (14 K for blue light). 6

Manufacturing Processes � Vacuum ◦ Uses vacuum to heat up and evaporate small organic molecular materials and have it condense into film on a cool substrate. � Organic ◦ vapor phase deposition (OVPD) Low pressure, hot-walled reactor chamber using carrier gas to carry the evaporated organic material to a cool substrate to condense into film. � Inkjet ◦ thermal evaporation (VTE) printing Spray long chained organic polymer materials as film on the substrate. 7

Displays: OLED vs. LCD/LED � Advantages ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ of OLED Lower power usage Faster refresh rate and better contrast Brighter Better durability Simple design Lighter weight New screen types Viewing angle 8

Displays: OLED vs. LCD/LED � Disadvantages ◦ ◦ of OLED Costs Life expectancy Operation under bright light Size limit 9

Lighting: OLED vs. Bulbs � Advantages of OLED Thinner and lightweight ◦ Lower power consumption ◦ Can be used on transparent or reflective surface (mirror or window) ◦ Cooler to the touch ◦ Dimmable ◦ No mercury ◦ Flexible and can be cut into any shape ◦ 1

Lighting: OLED vs. Bulbs � Disadvantages ◦ ◦ High cost of materials Life is too short to make it cost effective 1

Future Applications � Lighting �Illuminating wallpaper �Flat panel lighting can fit anywhere i. e. home, office, and transportation �Luminescent window glass � Display �Head-up display (HUD) �Laptop monitor �Residential video wall The rear lighting is provided by OLEDs for the first time on a BMW. 1

Conclusion � OLED is a very appealing technology since it has good energy efficiency, many different uses, and no harmful materials toward humans. Although there are still some problems with this technology like the manufacturing costs and its lifespan. However, within a decade or so most if not all of these problems would be solved. 1

References � � � Tsujimura, Takatoshi. OLED Display: Fundamentals and Applications. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012. Print. Denison, Caleb. "OLED vs. LED: Which Is the Better TV Technology? " Digital Trends. N. P. , 20 Aug. 2013. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. "OLED-Info Is the Web's Leading Resource on OLED TVs, Displays and Lighting. " OLED Info. N. p. , 2013. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. "How. Stuff. Works "How OLEDs Work"" How. Stuff. Works. N. p. , n. d. Web. 04 May 2014. Wu, Xiaoxiao, Fushan Li, Wei Wu, and Tailiang Guo. "Flexible White Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Multilayered Graphene/PEDOT: PSS Transparent Conducting film. " Applied Surface Science Jan. 16 (2014): n. pag. Elsevier. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. <http: //www. journals. elsevier. com/applied-surface-science>. 1

5 Key Concepts � Blue OLED burn out the fastest. � Polymer based OLED can be manufactured with an inkjet printer. � OLED is brighter because it’s not incased in glass which would reflect light. � Substrate doesn’t matter because it’s an emissive device. � Uses multiple layers to produce different colors. 1

Questions? 1