Ohios Preschool Expulsion Prevention Partnership Nicolle Moore IMFT

Ohio’s Preschool Expulsion Prevention Partnership Nicolle Moore, IMFT Child Focus, Inc. Lisa Golden, LISW-S Nationwide Children’s Big Lots Behavioral Health

Objectives 1. Early childhood providers will be able to identify national trends related to preschool expulsion 2. Participants will be able to define the OPEPP program and interpret local implementation 3. Participants will be able to identify and list additional resources available to early childhood programs to prevent expulsion

Educate early childhood providers on national trends related to preschool expulsion

Taking a look at expulsion

Expulsion Defined • The process of forcing someone to leave a place (like school) • Depriving a person of membership • The most severe sanction an educational setting can impose

How Did We Get Here? • After the Gun Free School Act in 1994, tying federal funding to states requiring schools to expel any student for one year for bringing a weapon to school. • …In the wake of the Columbine tragedy (1999), Zero Tolerance policies increased, requiring that kids be removed from schools the first time they break the rules—even for minor offenses.

Are Preschooler’s REALLY Getting Expelled? • In 2005, the first national study of preschool suspensions and expulsions -Walter Gilliam at Yale University What’s Behind Preschool Expulsion? • https: //youtu. be/Di. L 8 pxbuhkg

State Funded Preschool Expulsion (2005) • Pre-K expulsion rates were 3 -4 times higher than Kindergarten through 12 • 2. 1 school children per 1000 enrolled (K-12) • 6. 7 young children per 1000 enrolled (Pre-K)

State Funded Preschool Expulsion (2005)

Why Are Children Getting Expelled?

Charlie Meet Charlie: A Young Child Expelled From Preschool https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=38 AGD 4 c 4 l 9 Y

Why Are Children Getting Expelled? • Aggression - biting, hitting, threatening • Disruptive behaviors - defiance or difficulty getting along with others • Young children - difficulty adjusting, clinging, difficult to soothe

Other Factors • • • Higher student to teacher ratios Longer days in program Teacher stress Need for more effective training Lack of understanding regarding the impact of trauma Implicit Bias

The Role of Implicit Bias • Four-year-olds are expelled at a rate about 50% greater than 3 -yearolds. • Boys are expelled at a rate more than 4. 5 times that of girls. • Black children account for almost 50% of public preschool suspensions but less than one-fifth of all preschoolers. • Black children are also estimated to be 2 times as likely to be expelled as Latino and White children and more than 5 times as likely to be expelled as Asian-American children.

LIFETIME Consequences Early expulsions predict later expulsions/suspensions and students who are expelled are up to 10 times more likely to: • • • Have lower reading scores Academic failure/grade retention Have negative school attitudes Drop out of high school Judicial system involvement

Disrupting the Preschool to Prison Pipeline

Group Exercise – The Ripple Effect of Expulsion Parent-Child Relationship Caregiver Perspective Expulsion Adult Relationships Financial Stress

Impact on Families

What Can We Do?

Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation “ a prevention-based service that pairs a mental health consultant with families and adults who work with infants and young children in the different settings where they learn and grow, such as child care, preschool, and their home. The aim is to build adults’ capacity to strengthen and support the healthy social and emotional development of children - early and before intervention is needed. ” - SAMHSA Center of Excellence for IECMHC

Child and Family Centered Consultation • Child observations • Parent consultation • Staff support for individual and group behavior management • Modeling/coaching • Link to community • Training on behavior management • Modeling and supporting individual child • Education on a child’s mental health • Advocacy for family

Programmatic Consultation • Classroom observations • Strategies for supportive environments • Training on behavior management • Support for reflective practices • Promote staff wellness • Address communication issues • Promote team building • Training on cultural competence

Ohio’s Response 2016 – and beyond • 2018 - Ohio House Bill 318 signed to prohibit out-of-school suspensions and expulsions - Ohio Legislative Service Commission

Ohio’s Response Continued

Online Requests Available www. Nationwide. Childrens. org/Preschool-Expulsion-Prevention

Who Can Make a Request? • • • ODJFS and ODE Licensed Programs Licensed Family Child Care Providers Directors/Owners Teachers Mental health consultants Parents Ideally, parents would call in collaboration with program

What Happens When I Call? ? ? 1. Brief request form is completed with staff at Nationwide Children’s in Columbus, Ohio 2. Request form is recorded in a database for tracking with a request ID code 3. Request is sent via email to the local early childhood mental health provider in the area for follow up

Your Local ECMH Provider INSERT LOCAL INFORMATION HERE

Next Steps • Hotline calls are received from the call center at Nationwide Children’s Hospital via email. • Once the email is received the information is distributed to one of the Early Childhood Mental Health(ECMH) Consultants on the team. • The ECMH Consultant then contacts the person who requested the service: parent, director, teacher, etc. and sets up an observation of the child, or a meeting with the parent/teacher/director. • Once the child is observed and others are consulted about the child, the ECMH consultant then makes a decision if ongoing services are needed or if the child/family needs other resources. If services are needed then the ECMH team continues work with the child/family/center.

Strategies Address. . .

OPEPP Requests in 2017 • • • 382 Requests 48 of 88 Counties Highest requests in Franklin County Hamilton County – 16 Butler – 5 Warren – 8

Requests by Program Type ODJFS Licensed Center 332 ODE Licensed Center 42 ODJFS Type B Home (Family Child Care) 3 Not Licensed at time of database update 5

Requests by Age

Requests by Month

Children were Maintained! Status at end of OPEPP Consultation Expelled 9% [CATEGORY NAME] [PERCENTAGE] Maintained at Center Expelled

Trainings Insert Local Trainings Available

Trainings Insert Local Trainings Available

Local Master Trainer Information Williams Region 1 Northwest Rachael Theis rachaelt@crcwoodcounty. org Lake Lucas Fulton Region 2 Northeast Geauga Cuyahoga Defiance Ashtabula Ottawa Henry Sandusky Wood Erie Lorain Trumbull Jim Flynn Mahoning Marci Masters jflynn@pepcleve. org Portage Paulding Seneca Putnam Huron Medina Summit Hancock Van Wert Wyandot Allen Crawford Ashland Richland Wayne Stark marcim@dandecenter. com Columbiana Hardin Mercer Auglaize Shelby Darke Miami Marion Logan Region 5 Southwest Nicole Moore Montgomery Madison Fayette Warren Delaware Coshocton Muskingum Franklin Pickaway Fairfield Ross Clermont Perry Morgan Vinton Athens Highland Pike Meigs Jackson Brown Adams Athens Region Scioto Gallia Lawrence Jefferson Harrison Guernsey Noble Region 3 Central Kelly Pack Belmont Kelly. pack@nationwidechild rens. org Lynn Mc. Casland Lynn. mccasland@nationwid echildrens. org Monroe Washington Hocking Clinton nmoore@child-focus. org Hamilton Carroll Tuscarawas Licking Greene Butler Holmes Knox Champaign Clark Preble Union Morrow Region 4 Southeast Misty Cole Misty. Cole@hopewellhealth. org

Resources for EC Professionals • • • http: //boldbeginning. ohio. gov/ https: //www. samhsa. gov/iecmhc http: //preventexpulsion. org/ http: //csefel. vanderbilt. edu/ http: //challengingbehavior. fmhi. usf. edu/do/pyramid_model. htm http: //www. zerotothree. org https: //medicine. yale. edu/childstudy/zigler/ http: //www. traumacenter. org http: //www. moreflipit. org

Resources

OPEPP Information

Questions or Comments?