Ohios Natural Resources The Framework of Ohios Mineral

Ohio’s Natural Resources The Framework of Ohio’s Mineral Wealth Jessica Osborne Stratigraphy GEO 310 Winter 2007

Ohio’s Natural Resources-The Framework of Ohio’s Mineral Wealth Contents • Minerals are important § • • Mineral Baby Minerals Ohio’s Minerals Summary References

Mineral’s are Important We use minerals everyday…. . -energy for heating & Cooling -electricity -fuel for our cars -building materials -road way construction -road salt -and in everyday objects

Every American born will need…. 3. 7 million pounds of minerals, metals, and fuels in their lifetime.

Minerals • Minerals resources include-energy resources, metal, and nonmetallic (including Industrial Minerals) • Industrial minerals are geologic deposits that can be mined for industrial uses Ex. Sand, gravel, conglomerates, shale, clay • Energy Resources (oil, gas, coal) are not minerals but included since extract from the Earth • Ohio’s mineral resources are from nonmetallic and energy resources.

Ohio’s Minerals Ohio Produces: 8 Nonfuel Minerals- Limestone & Dolomite, Sand & Gravel, Sandstone & Conglomerate, Clay, Shale, Gypsum, Halite and Peat 3 Fuel Minerals-Coal, Oil and Gas

Ohio Mineral’s-Limestone & Dolomite • Limestone is composed of Calcite • Calcite is the most common mineral in Ohio • Limestone is one of the state’s most valuable natural resource-Ohio ranks 4 th • Majority of limestone & dolomite is used for construction aggregate • 1/3 of all limestone & dolomite mined is from the Silurian

Ohio Mineral’s-Limestone & Dolomite • Western Ohio-Silurian & Ordovician – Brassfield, Peebles, Cedarville, Greenfield, and Tymochtee units • Eastern Ohio-Mississippian & Pennsylvania • Central Ohio-Devonian

Ohio Mineral’s-Sand & Gravel • Last mineral to be developed for commercial use • Expansion of cities & roads increased demand • Ohio deposits are from grains that have been broken-up, transported, and deposited by rivers and/or glaciers • Can be made of metamorphic, igneous or sedimentary rock • Produced in every part of the state

Ohio’s Minerals-Sandstone & Conglomerate • Sandstone is formed by cementation of Quartz • Conglomerate is formed by cementation of rounded gravel • Sandstone & Conglomerate are mostly mined in Eastern Ohio • Mined from Pennsylvania, Mississippian and Devonian Units.

Ohio’s Minerals-Clay & Shale • Clay is a soft plastic like sediment of fine grained clay minerals • Clay is mined in Eastern & Far Western portions of the state • Majority from Pennsylvania others include Ordovician and Mississippian • Shale is a laminated sedimentary rock composed of clay • Shale is mined in Eastern Ohio from Mississippian & Pennsylvania

Ohio’s Minerals-Gypsum • Evaporate mineral composed of calcium sulfate • First discovered along Lake Erie shores in early 1800’s • As of 2005 it is no longer mined • Tymochtee Dolomite and Lockport Dolomite

Ohio’s Minerals-Halite • Evaporate mineral & sedimentary rock composed of sodium chloride. • Commonly know as salt • Eastern Ohio-Upper Silurian-Salina Unit • Ohio ranks 4 th nationally in salt production

Ohio’s Minerals-Peat • Unconsolidated deposit of plant remains • Precursor to coal • Typically mined in north eastern and western Ohio

Ohio’s Minerals-Coal • Sedimentary rock formed by fossil plant material • Mined mostly in East Central Ohio • Ohio ranks 14 th in coal production & 3 rd in coal consumption

Ohio’s Minerals-Oil & Gas • Oil is a liquid mixture of naturally occurring Hydrocarbons • Gas is a gaseous mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons • Primarily in Eastern half of state • “Clinton” Sandstone very productive of gas – Dayton Formation with overlying Rochester Shale

• Majority of Ohio’s Natural Resources are mined from the Silurian • Sand & Gravel are mined from all areas of the state • Limestone Ohio’s most valuable natural resource

• Silurian in Eastern Ohio is buried by younger rocks and covered by glacial sediment in Western Ohio • Subsurface of Eastern Ohio has extensive Halite, Gas & Oil deposits in the Silurian • Ohio is Mainly Chemical Precipitated rocks

References Fugate, Nelson. March 2007. www. mii. org. (Accessed March 6, 2007) Wolfe, M. E. 2006. 2005 Mineral Report On Ohio Mineral Industries. Division of Geological Survey. Weisgarber, S. L. 2000. Rocks and Minerals in Ohio and Their Uses. Geo. Facts No. 11. www. dnr. state. oh. us/geosurvey. (Accessed March 6, 2007) 2007. Industrial Minerals-History of Industrial Minerals Mining. Ohio Department of Natural Resources. http: //ohiodnr. com/mineral/industrial/history. (Accessed March 6, 2007) Hansen, M. C. 2000. Geology of Ohio—The Silurian. www. ohiodnr. com/geosurvey/. (Accessed March 6, 2007)