OGCII OGC Interoperability Institute OGC ISO TC 211
OGCII OGC Interoperability Institute OGC / ISO TC 211 Standards Landscape David Arctur OGC Interoperability Institute 7 May 2007 © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc.
SDI = ? This talk is about SDI’s… what does SDI mean to you? • Serial Data Interface • Serial Digital Interface • Single Document Interface • Southern Dental Industries • State Disability Insurance • Steel Deck Institute • Steel Door Institute • Strategic Defense Initiative • …? ? And the winner is……… OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 2
Definitions Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) – a virtual institution • A framework of spatial data, metadata, services, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way. • The technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data. • The relevant base collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data and services. The SDI provides a basis for spatial data discovery, evaluation, and application for users and providers. Sources: Wikipedia; OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 3
Implications • Data and metadata should not be managed centrally (as done in GIS) but by the data originator and/or owner; tools and services connect via computer networks to the various sources. • NOTE: good coordination between all the actors is necessary and the definition of standards is very important. • Due to its nature (size, cost, number of interactors) an SDI is usually government-related. Source: Wikipedia OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 4
For example… • Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) • Geodaten Infrastruktur (GDI) NRW (regional) • Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI) • Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure (ASDI) – State-level SDI’s in development: Queensland, W. Australia, New South Wales, … • U. S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) – State-level SDI’s in development: Indiana, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, … OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 5
SDI Framework Layers An SDI typically includes thematic “base map” data with broad interest across agencies and other users (insurance, utilities, etc. ) • Cadastre: property parcels • Transportation: roads, rail, bridges, tunnels, trails, bus routes • Boundaries: cities, parks, military facilities • Points of Interest: hospitals, malls, churches, airports, bus stations, stadiums, auditoriums, other meeting places • Water resources: springs, wells, rivers, lakes • Utilities: power plants, power lines, gas lines, water treatment facilities, water lines P H F …these vary somewhat across different SDI’s OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 6
So… what’s it for? Terrorist Response Environmental Hazard Response: Tornado, Volcano, Flooding, Wildfire, Toxic Spill… E-911 Dispatch Police, Fire, Ambulance OGCII ® Search & Rescue © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 7
What makes SDI’s special? This is not just a simple extension of I. T. cyberinfrastructure • Spatial data payloads require application-specific metadata, clients, web services, even XML tools. • Quantities of data coming from satellite and other earth observation sensors are in terabytes/day – for now • Downloading and rendering a computer-screen-sized JPEG of a map is much simpler and faster (in general) than downloading the potentially hundreds of thousands of vectors & millions of vertices comprising the corresponding map content… but both forms of data are needed. • Institutional barriers can play a significant role in SDI effectiveness OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 8
What makes it work? • Standards for exchanging geospatial & temporal data have been in development since early 1990 s through work of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and ISO TC 211. – Web services since 2000 • ISO TC 211 standards form the foundation, for example: – – – 19103 Conceptual Schema 19107 Spatial Schema 19108 Temporal Schema 19111 Coordinate Reference 19115 Metadata 19123 Coverage Schema • OGC specifications implement the standards, for example: – – – Web Mapping Service (WMS): simple graphic images Web Feature Service (WFS): vector data Web Coverage Service (WCS): gridded data Catalog Service: portal index Geography Markup Language (GML): XML Schema and data OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 9
Enabling a Geospatial Information Architecture Building on http, XML and Web services, the spatial web is enabled by OGC standards, such as… Web Map Service (OGC & ISO) Style Layer Descriptor (OGC) Feature Model & GML (OGC & ISO) Web Feature Service (OGC) Web Terrain Service (OGC) Web Coverage Service (OGC) Web Map Context (OGC) Catalog (OGC ) Metadata (ISO 19115 & OGC) Geospatial information (e. g. , vector, raster, gridded, and metadata) can be managed through OGC web services in a Net Centric context. OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 10
Standards Referenced by Various SDI’s Standard Name Canada CGDI US NSDI GDI NRW Catalonia Spain OGC Web Map Service u u OGC Web Feature Service u u OGC Filter Encoding u u u OGC Style Layer Descriptor u OGC Geography Markup Language u u OGC Web Map Context u u OGC Catalog Services 2. 0 Z 39. 50 Protocol Binding u u FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata u u OGC Web Coverage Service OGC Catalogue Services 2. 0 HTTP Protocol Binding (CS-W) OGCII ® u u u u u Advancing the science of interoperability Source: Nebert, Reed & Wagner, Proposal for a © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. 11 Compatible SDI Standards Suite, “SDI 1. 0”, OGC Doc. 06 -086.
Web Feature Server Web Coverage Server Web Map Server With OGC web services, an analyst or operator can dynamically access that data which is relevant to the task at hand, directly from the authoritative data steward, using a variety of tools.
Web Map Service (WMS) can get multiple maps Elevation Cloud Cover Borders Cities Multiple overlaid maps One Get. Map request: OGCII ® Advancing the science of interoperability
Publishing and Discovery • Catalogs leverage ISO conformant metadata • Support publishing and discovery of distributed geospatial data and associated services OGC Catalog Service 2. 0, ISO 19119 Metadata Standard OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 14
Coming Fast: Sensor Webs Industrial Process Monitor – Sensors connected to and discoverable on the Web – Sensors have position & generate observations – Sensor descriptions available Automobile – Services to task and access sensors As Sensor Probe – Local, regional, national scalability Traffic Monitoring Airborne Imaging Device Temp Sensor Strain Gauge OGCII ® Satellite-borne Imaging Device Environmental Monitor Stored Sensor Data Webcam Health Monitor © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 15
Towards a World-Wide SDI Web Services • Weather, alerts, effects • Water availability & quality • Humanitarian needs and relief • Long-term climate change monitoring • Other environmental monitoring & alerts • Other disaster planning, response, mitigation • . . . OGCII ® Any Type of Client • Browsers • Desktop • Mobile GIS Portal Metadata Catalog / Service Directory Software / Platform Independent © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Synchronization Advancing the science of interoperability 16
ISO TC 211 + OGC • Together, the ISO 19100+OGC standards are a mature, widely used, established, advanced interoperability framework. • A Joint Advisory Group (JAG) comprises ISO & OGC members, and meets alternatively at ISO TC 211 and OGC conferences. • OGC participates in numerous other consortia, such as W 3 C, OASIS, IETF, and others, to ensure consistent semantics and encoding of geospatial content and interfaces OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 17
OGC Relationships – – – – OGCII World Wide Web Consortium (W 3 C) Geo Incubator Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Group On Earth Observation (GEO) Participating Org (GEOSS) International Organization for Standards (ISO) OASIS International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI) Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) CEN 287 Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG) Object Management Group (OMG) Web 3 D Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web) IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society Others ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 18
OGC’s Approach for Advancing Interoperability • Interoperability Program (IP) A global, innovative, hands-on prototyping and testing program designed to accelerate interface development and validation, and bring interoperability to the market Rapid Interface Development • Specification Development Program Consensus processes similar to other industry consortia (W 3 C, OMA, OMG, etc. ). Standards Setting • Outreach and Community Adoption Program – Education and training, encourage take-up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Market Adoption Advancing the science of interoperability 19
So, what’s next? • Ad hoc, “bottom-up” interoperability is being achieved in many applications, through buffet-style use of web services • However, more attention is needed to “top-down” reference architecture development, for effective interoperability across multiple SDI’s – State-level SDI’s in U. S. , Australia, and across Europe – Scientific research and data centers • OGC Interoperability Institute has been started recently, to help bring coherence of interoperability developments & best practices across SDI and scientific data organizations – Conducting workshops and pilot projects to develop SDI reference architectures, and to develop broader interoperability among scientific data centers OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 22
What’s really needed • Awareness and incentives for SDI developers to collaborate on architectures and data sharing • Equally important: incentives for scientific data collection that support data sharing and interdisciplinary collaboration • Taking advantage of grid computing: – to help migrate data across the web to be physically located where it can be used most efficiently – to transform data semantics across information communities – to lead to real-time information modeling and understanding OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 23
It’s about effective communications among disparate communities This sign “Designed by Committee” OGCII ® © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium Interoperability Institute, Inc. Advancing the science of interoperability 24
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