OGC Standards and 3 d Geospatial Data Integration

® OGC Standards and 3 d Geospatial Data Integration (AKA Fusion) Carl Reed, Ph. D CTO Open Geospatial Consortium July 24, 2010 © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

What is the OGC? • A non-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization that is leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services. • 27 Adopted standards • Facilitates a consensus process in which Members from over 395 organizations collaborate to define and maintain OGC standards. OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 2

The Open. GIS® Vision Achieve the full societal, economic and scientific benefits of integrating location resources into commercial and institutional processes worldwide OGC 2010 - Live Geography – Interoperable Sensor Webs Enabling Portability in Monitoring Applications - Interpolation of Temperature Values for the Detection of Urban Heat Islands ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 3

The OGC Mission • To serve as a global forum for the development, promotion and harmonization of open and freely available geospatial standards … Urban Model of Berlin based on OGC City. GML Source: www. 3 d-stadtmodell-berlin. de OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 4

Active Domain Working Groups (June-21 -10) An interest or focus in 3 D content modeling, sharing, and integration/fusion OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 5

® OGC – Collaborations with other standards development organizations © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC Alliance Partnerships – Primary Alliances for standards coordination • • • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) National Emergency Number Association (NENA) Web 3 D International Organization for Standards (ISO) World Wide Web Consortium (W 3 C) National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) IEEE Technical Committee 9 (Sensor Web) Open Grid Forum (OGF) building. SMART Alliance – Secondary alliances for standards harmonization and coordination • • • Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Association (GSDI) Workflow Alliance Digital Geospatial Information Working Group (DGIWG) Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) IEEE GRSS Taxonomic Data Working Group (TDWG) – Others OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 7

OGC-Web 3 D Mo. U • Develop and coordinate the production of appropriate joint outreach and marketing materials • Develop and publicly publish exemplar hybrid content, which demonstrates the practical feasibility and effective value of using Web 3 D and OGC standards in concert • Keep OGC and Web 3 D working groups informed about ongoing technical progress and standards development strategies, in order to maximize interoperability and comparability between technology sets OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

® OGC Standards related to 3 d © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC Geography Markup Language (GML) • XML-based language for encoding geographic information to be stored and transported over the Internet • GML serves as a modeling language for geographic systems as well as an open interchange format for geographic transactions on the Internet. • GML defines both the 2 d and 3 d geometry and properties of objects that comprise geographic information. • Used – often based on policy - in UK, US, Germany, Canada, New Zealand, Holland, Hong Kong, Google OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 10

Geometry in GML OGC ® Copyright (c) 2009 Opengeospatial Consortium

KML Encoding Standard • XML for geographic visualization on 2 -D & 3 -D Earth browsers • Features for display: placemarks, images, polygons, 3 D models, text, etc. • KML is not a geospatial modeling language; consider GML OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 12

City. GML • Application independent Geospatial Information Model for virtual 3 D city and landscape models – comprises different thematic areas(buildings, vegetation, water, terrain, traffic etc. ) – data model(UML)acording to ISO 191 xxstandard family – exchange format results from rule-based mapping of the UML diagrams to a GML 3 application schema – ongoing standardisation process in OGC • City. GML represents – 3 D geometry, 3 D topology, semantics and appearance – In 5 discrete scales (Levels of Detail, LOD) OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

City. GML : 5 levels of details LOD 0 – Regional, landscape model 2. 5 D Digital terrain model, 3 D landmarks LOD 1 – City / Site model Prismatic buildings without roof structures LOD 2 – City / Site model Simple buildings with detailed roof structures LOD 3 – City / Site model Detailed architectural models, landmarks LOD 4 – Interior Model “Walkable” architectural models The same object may be represented in different LODs simultaneously OGC ® Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Candidate Standard Web Viewing Service • A high level portrayal service for three-dimensional geodata • Thin to thick clients • WVS 3 D browser plugins are available for X 3 D via W 3 DS OGC http: //www. webviewservice. org/ ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Candidate Standard: Web 3 D Service • A Web 3 D Service (W 3 DS) is a portrayal service for threedimensional geodata, such as landscape models, city models, textured building models, vegetation objects, and street furniture. • 3 D browser plugins are available for X 3 D via W 3 DS OGC ® W 3 DS delivered scene for mobile clients © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Possible integration points • WVS can be integrated with other OGC services • W 3 DS client is a medium client, which generally supports real-time navigation and interaction in the 3 D scene. OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

® Content Fusion – 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d: The OGC View © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Hot 3 d Application • Keep this application space in the back of your mind during the rest of my presentation! OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

AR is about • Content Fusion and Visualization OGC Georgia Tech Augmented Environment Labs ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Scope of Fusion • “Process of combining data and information to improve detection, identification, and characterization of entities” • Categories of Fusion – Sensor Fusion – Object/Feature Fusion – Decision Fusion • Multidimensional • Vision: fusion environment based on open standards OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 21

Categories of Fusion OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 22

AMS hot pixels, MODIS hot pixels and EO-1 ALI Burn Scars OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

® The Urban Modeling Use Case: City. GML © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Applications of virtual 3 D city models Urban planning © IKG, Universität Bonn Disaster management Mobile network planning © T-Mobile Training simulators Noise pollution mapping © IGG, Universität Bonn 3 D-(Indoor) Navigation © Sony Corporation © Fa. Conterra OGC ® © Rheinmetall Defence Electronics Claus Nagel, 2009 © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Query your virtual 3 D city model Urban planning © IKG, Universität Bonn Disaster management Mobile network planning Noise pollution mapping From which windows in which rooms © IGG, Universität Bonn © T-Mobile from which buildings do I have a visible coverage of a certain place, 3 D-(Indoor) Training road, simulators Navigation or monument? © Sony Corporation © Fa. Conterra OGC ® © Rheinmetall Defence Electronics Claus Nagel, 2009 © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

3 D city modeling… • …is far more than the 3 D visualization of reality – In fact, the geometry and its appearance are only one aspect of an entity – Key issue: Semantic modeling – However: 3 D city models often seen as being identical with 3 D graphics/geometry models of the respective region • Google Earth (KML/COLLADA), X 3 D, 3 D PDF, 3 D Studio Max, etc. OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

City. GML and X 3 D - Examples • Every instance is represented by a reference to the prototype – adopted from scene graph concept • Class X 3 DMaterial is adopted from the X 3 D • The definition of the appearance properties is adopted from the X 3 D specification • Concept of positioning textures on surfaces complies with X 3 D OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Consumer / Producer Berlin 3 D Spatial Data Infrastructure Internet / Berlin governmental network Google Earth Browser Services KML 3 D City Model Editor Geo-enabled applications Direct access City. GML intf. X 3 D City. GML CAD System (IFC) City. GML WSS City. GML to KML WCS WFS / WFS-T WPVS Java client W 3 DS Geodata systems SQL Autodesk Land. XPlorer Presentation System – – SQL 3 D city model (City. GML) DTM (City. GML) Orthophotos Version and history management 3 D geo database (Oracle) OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

City. GML 3 d Content Examples Street setting in Frankfurt with 5 textured buildings in LOD 3. Buildings (in LOD 2) and true orthophoto of a small area around the 'Pariser Platz' OGC ® Buildings in LOD 2 with photorealistic textures near Max-Joseph-Platz in Munich, Germany. © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

City. GML and AR search for "augmented reality" citygml • City. GML – Application scheme of GML – Structure for thematic modeling, semantic descriptions, appearance storage of 3 D geometries and features – Aligned with IFCs and BIM standards • Example: Extension of Electronic Nautical Charts for 3 D interactive Visualization via City. GML. Haase and Koch, 2010 OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 31

® Very recent OGC standards work related to 3 d use cases! © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

3 d Location Services, Multi-Modal Tracking and Navigation for emergency response OGC ® Copyright © 2008, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. , All Rights Reserved.

Indoor. ML – Indoor. ML is a data model and exchange format for the representation of the indoor navigation aspects § GML 3 application schema – Indoor. ML provides well-defined interfaces to connect semantic models of topographic indoor space § Complementary to existing standards like City. GML and IFC § Not restricted to 3 D models e. g. , Open Floor Plan – Current research § Extension to outer space e. g. , GDF, Open. Street. Map § Mapping of Indoor. ML to existing systems and vice versa OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 08. 12. 2009

Multilayered Space Model • Partitioning of indoor space according to different space concepts Sensor characteristics, e. g. Wi-Fi cells (coverage area) Building topography (rooms, doors, floors, etc) OGC Logical space, e. g. security zone (restricting access to some rooms) ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 08. 12. 2009

Multilayered Space Model Primal space (3 D geometry + topology) 1 st Layer: Sensor space model Coverage area of sensors Layers are independent in that they represent separate decompositions of indoor space according to different semantic criteria 2 nd Layer: Topographic space model 3 D building topography 3 rd Layer: Logical space model Additional layers may be added to model further subdivisions of space, e. g. according to the mode of locomotion Spatial extent of security zone in 3 D OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 08. 12. 2009

Mapping is the most imlemented mashup! OGC ® Copyright (c) 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium

Extending 3 d fusion beyond the traditional $$$ Bringing together “mass-market” unstructured data with traditional geospatial data sources can greatly enhance the value of an operational picture! $$$ OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 38

Thank you for your attention! Carl Reed CTO and Exec Dir Spec Program creed@opengeospatial. org +1 970 402 0284 www. opengeospatial. org OGC ® © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.