Offsite Emergency Management Planning Dr Rakesh Dubey Director

Off-site Emergency Management Planning Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal rakeshddubey@hotmail. com www. hrdp-idrm. in For “Capacity Development of Officers of Directorate of Factories, Boilers, Industrial Safety and Health” Govt of Karnataka

An effort to address the n n Why to do? What to do? How to do? What will the application? Who will be benefitted?

n Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rule ( MSIHC ) – 1989. Preparation of “On – Site Emergency Plan” by the occupier. Details to be furnished as per Schedule – 11 Preparation of “Off– Site Emergency Plan” by the authorities as specified in Schedule 5 Details to be furnished as per Schedule – 12

n Disaster Management Planning both onsite and off-site should be with following components: A. Risk Assessment & Management B. Emergency Preparedness C. Community Dialogue

Priority for the state of Karnataka State n n LPG , Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) n n Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CS 2 C 0 + H 20 + CH 4 ( Blast furnaces, LD gases, etc)

Causality chain Emission MODELLING or MONITORING Environmental distribution Exposure Effects

Types of Emissions Continuous emissions Peak emissions Intermittent emissions Block emissions

Spatial scales n Local scale n n n Area around one point source Average environmental characteristics “Reasonable worst case” scenario n Regional scale n n Area of 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics

Single source

Multiple sources

Storage Conditions Atmospheric Storage n Pressure Storage n Fully Refrigerated Storage n Semi-Refrigerated Storage n Gas Under Pressure n Which condition is leading to significant impacts

What would be the impacts? What may go wrong? Start How it may go wrong? How likely its occurrence? Hazard identification Probabilistic hazard assessment Quantitative hazard assessment Accident scenario development Fault tree for the envisaged scenario Consequences analysis What maintenance schedule would reduce its likelihood of occurrence? Fault tree development Fault tree analysis Risk estimation Whether risk is in acceptance? Yes End Apply maintenance measures and reevaluate risk No Suggest maintenance measures to control risk

Risk Assessment & Management 1. evaluate range of potential incidents (without considering possible causes) 2. put mitigation in place foreseeable ones 3. evaluate community consequences for range of incidents,

a) credible worst case - largest tank or worst failure consequence - reasonable duration of release - passive mitigation in effect - credible worst weather b) worst imaginable case - largest tank or worst failure consequence - worst possible duration or release - no mitigation - worst possible weather

n n On-site Risk Off-site Risk

n n n Hazards identification : Materials, process, regulatory, Consequence of hazards Likelyhood of consequences Frequency of occurrence Calculation of Risk Decision for weighing alternatives

Industrial Disaster Management Cycle: OECD

Reliability Risk Assessment n Risk Based Maintenance Planning n Risk estimation n n Risk evaluation n Hazard identification Quantitative Hazard Assessment Probabilistic Hazard Assessment Risk Quantification Setting up risk acceptance criteria Risk comparison Maintenance planning

Part two n Preparedness, Planning, Response

n

• • Risk related information can be delivered in a meaningful, cost effective and secure manner Key stakeholders should not be left out of the Risk communication network • Dialogue & • Follow up

Key Points: RAIN! Recognize n Avoid n Isolate n Notify n What can I do?

Recognize n n n Unusual Activity / Behavior Hazardous weather conditions Things out of place n n Unexplained liquids Strange smells Abnormal fogs or mists Suspicious Packages ?

Avoid What Do I Stay Away From? Don’t become a victim Don’t rush in The 4 Don’ts Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat, Smell, Touch) Don’t assume anything

Isolate Keep others away from hazard area

Notify n n Immediate Supervisor Hospital Emergency Phone Number Remember RAIN! Recognize, Avoid, Isolate, Notify

RAIN! Example #1 n n Recognize: Suspicious Package Avoid: Do not touch object Isolate: Contain the area & keep others away from hazard area Notify: Call for help

RAIN! Example #2 n n Recognize: Chemical Spill Avoid: Do not touch, taste, or smell Isolate: Contain the scene & keep others away from hazard area Notify: Call for help

Incident

ALARP

ALARP means ‘As Low As Reasonable Practicable’ ALARP demonstration means: To demonstrate that the project & associated systems and HSEMS will enable the facility to be operated & maintained safely such that residual risks to HSE are tolerable

n n n By putting prevention techniques Through planning By response plans Through mitigation Education and awareness Best practices

Good practices n Technical approaches

Management review

Transport Sector

Administrative and technical control Worst example of regulatory compliance October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP Best example for regulatory compliance rakeshddubey@hotmail. com 54