Officer Richard Neil retired SPO 1 EVIDENCE IS

Officer Richard Neil (retired)

SPO #1 -EVIDENCE IS DEFINED AS: • ANYTHING THAT WILL SUPPORT OR CHALLENGE INFORMATION THAT SUBJECT OR WITNESSES ALLEGES TO BE A FACT • ANY LEGALLY OBTAINED OBJECT OR MATERIAL WHICH AIDS THE INVESTIGATOR IN RECONTRUCTION OF THE OFFENSE OR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE OFFENDER

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE CAN BE OF ASSISTANCE IN RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CRIME SCENE DETERMINING THE ACCURACY OF STATEMENTS DETERMINING WHETHER A CRIME ACTUALLY OCCURRED LINKING A SUSPECT WITH THE VICTIM OR WITH A CRIME SCENE

SPO #2 -ADVANTAGES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OVER TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE • PHYSICAL EVIDENCE PROVIDES A TANGIBLE OBJECT FOR THE JURY TO SEE • DEFENDANT CANNOT MISREPRESENT PHYSICAL EVIDENCE • PHYSICAL EVIDENCE IS NOT SUBJECT TO MEMORY LOSS • CAN BE INDEPENDENTLY TESTED

SPO #3 -TYPES OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE • • TRANSIENT CONDITIONAL PATTERN TRANSFER

TRANSIENT • TEMPORARY, EASILY LOST OR CHANGED • EXAMPLES: IMPRINTS, RESIDUE, INDENTATIONS, ODORS

CONDITIONAL • WHETHER LIGHTS OR WINDOWS WERE LOCKED OR UNLOCKED • NOISE • RIGOR MORTIS • WEATHER

PATTERN • FORCED CONTACT BETWEEN PERSONS AND OBJECTS (VICTIM OR SUSPECT) • HIT SKIP ATTACHMENTS • BLOOD SPLATTER PATTERNS • GLASS FRACTURES • TIRE SKID MARKS

TRANSFER • • • FINGERPRINTS BLOODSTAINS TOOLMARKS GLASS HAIR

SPO #4 -CLASS CHARACTERISTICS OF EVIDENCE • SHARED BY ALL MEMBERS OF ITS CLASS • CANNOT BE IDENTIFIED TO A SINGLE SOURCE • EXAMPLES: HAIR, SOIL, FIBERS

SPO #5 - INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EVIDENCE • SETS THE OBJECT APART FROM ALL OTHERS IN ITS CLASS • INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE UNIQUE • ALLOWS FOR “INDIVIDUALIZATION” OF EVIDENCE OR IDENTIFICATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL SOURCE

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES • FINGERPRINTS • FIRED BULLETS AND CARTRIDGE CASES • TOOL MARKS • HANDWRITING

SPO#6 -COLLECTED EVIDENCE MUST MEET FOUR REQUIREMENTS • • LEGALLY OBTAINED RELEVANT IDENTIFIABLE CHAIN OF CUSTODY MUST BE MAINTAINED

SPO #7 -DUTIES OF FIRST RESPONDER TO SCENE • SECURE THE SCENE • OBSERVE AND RECORD SCENE DATA • PHOTO THE SCENE BEFORE DISTURBING ANYTHING • PREPARE SKETCH OF THE CRIME SCENE

SPO #8 -TYPES OF CRIME SCENE SEARCH PATTERNS • • • STRIP METHOD ZONE METHOD GRID METHOD SPIRAL METHOD RADIUS METHOD CAR SEARCH

STRIP

ZONE

GRID

SPIRAL

EVIDENCE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT • TAMPER PROOF EVIDENCE/SECURITY TAPE • RULERS AND 50 FT. MEASURING TAPE • DISPOSABLE SCALPELS • BLACK EVIDENCE MARKERS • STERILE COTTON TIP SWABS

EVIDENCE EQUIPMENT • PLASTIC TWEEZERS • CRIME SCENE TAPE • CRIME SCENE EVIDENCE MARKERS • LATEX GLOVES • PHOTO EVIDENCE SCALES (RULERS) • CASTING MATERIALS • FLASHLIGHT

Leica Stations

A. F. I. S.

SPO #9 -PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID CROSS CONTAMINATION OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE • INDIVIDUALLY WRAPPED • INDIVIDUALLY PACKAGED

SPO #10 -FACTORS TO SHOW CHAIN OF CUSTODY/INTEGRITY • EVIDENCE COLLECTED AT A CRIME SCENE IS THE SAME AS PRESENTED IN COURT • THE ITEM MUST NOT BE ALTERED OR CHANGED • CHAIN MUST BE MAINTAINED IN ORDER TO DOCUMENT REASONS WHY ANY PARTY HAS DEALT WITH THE EVIDENCE

Weapon?

SPO #11 -ITEMS A CHAIN OF CUSTODY MUST REFLECT • WHO FOUND OR HAD CONTACT WITH THE EVIDENCE • TO WHOM THE EVIDENCE WAS GIVEN • REASON THE EVIDENCE WAS GIVEN TO THAT PERSON • WHEN AND BY WHOM THE EVIDENCE WAS RETURNED

SPO #11 -ITEMS A CHAIN OF CUSTODY MUST REFLECT • WHERE AND HOW THE EVIDENCE WAS STORED UNTIL TAKEN TO COURT • ANY CHANGES WHICH WERE MADE TO THE EVIDENCE

SPO #12 -ITEMS OF INFORMATION WHICH MUST BE SHOWN ON AN EVIDENCE TAG • DATE RECOVERED • TIME RECOVERED • EXACT LOCATION OF RECOVERY • REPORT/CASE NUMBER • ITEM NUMBER • DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM

SPO #12 -ITEMS OF INFORMATION WHICH MUST BE SHOWN ON AN EVIDENCE TAG • RECOVERING OFFICER’S INITIALS/BADGE # • MARKED TO SHOW BIOHAZARD OR SHARP OBJECT • VICTIM’S NAME, IF KNOWN • TYPE OF CRIME

EVIDENCE TAGS • SHOULD BE DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO THE EVIDENCE AT THE TIME OF COLLECTION • SHOULD NEVER BE REMOVED • ARE A LEGAL REQUIREMENT WHICH ALLOWS EVIDENCE TO BE INTRODUCED IN COURT

Conference Rape Case

SPO #13 -BASIC OBJECTIVES OF EVIDENCE COLLECTION • NOT TO ALTER THE STATE OR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EVIDENCE • MAINTAIN ABSOLUTE CONTROL AND INTEGRITY OF THE COLLECTION PROCESS • AVOID CONTAMINATING OR CROSS CONTAMINATING ANY PIECE OF EVIDENCE • PHOTOGRAPH ALL ITEMS BEFORE YOU COLLECT IT

Shotgun Behind the Door

SPO #14 -MOST COMMON TYPES OF TRACE EVIDENCE • • • HAIR FIBER GLASS PAINT SOIL

Rape/Homicide 67

IF HAIR IS OF HUMAN ORIGIN, SEVERAL FINDINGS MUST BE GIVEN • RACE • LOCATION ON BODY FROM WHICH THE HAIR CAME FROM • WHETHER HAIR WAS FORCIBLY REMOVED • WHETHER HAIR IS BLEACHED OR DIED • POTENTIAL DNA TYPING

SPO #15 -THE PURPOSE OF FIBER EVIDENCE IS • TO LINK A SUSPECT, VICTIM, OR CRIME SCENE

CLASSES OF FIBERS • • MINERAL (GLASS & ASBESTOS) ANIMAL (WOOL, SILK, FURS) PLANT (COTTON, LINEN, HEMP) SYNTHETIC (RAYON, NYLON, POLYESTER, ACRYLIC)

SPO #16 -THE PURPOSE OF COLLECTING SOIL EVIDENCE IS • TO RECONTRUCT THE CRIME • TO LINK THE SUSPECT, VICTIM AND CRIME SCENE

I. D. AND TYPING OF BLOOD CAN • ESTABLISH THE ELEMENTS OF THE CRIME • PROVIDE I. D. OR ELIMINATION OF A SUSPECT • RECONSTRUCT THE CRIME • CORROBORATE OR DISPUTE A SUBJECT’S STATEMENT

Blood Spatter

SPO #17 -REASONS BLOOD IS COLLECTED AT A CRIME SCENE • BLOODSTAIN PATTERN INTERPRETATION • GENETIC MARKER I. D.

Laundry Room Murder

Husbands Coat

DNA Typing & Comparison

INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM BLOODSTAIN PATTERN ANALYSIS • AREA OF ORIGIN • MOVEMENTS OF A PERSON, FROM WHICH BLOODSTAIN ORGINATED • MINIMUM NUMBER OF BLOWS INFLICTED • INFORMATION ABOUT THE WEAPON USED • TYPE AND DIRECTION OF THE IMPACT PRODUCING THE BLOODSTAIN PATTERN • FORCE OR ENERGY OF THE WEAPON USED

Wishes he was dead?

Officer Richard Neil (retired) www. Officer. Neil. com

HUMAN DNA • If our DNA coding was stretched it would reach from New York to the California coastline. • Our DNA coding would fill 200 Manhattan size phonebooks with 1, 000 pages each. • All 100, 000 of your genes are crammed into the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each of your cells!

HUMAN DNA • Children share 99. 5% of their parents DNA • ½ mom ½ dad = YOU • ALL of God’s people share over 99% of the exact same DNA!!!